ODTÜ 501 Span 1

1neden olmak, yol açmak, tetiklemek

to cause something to happen or to bring about a particular state or condition

The loud noise can induce a startle response in animals.

• High temperatures often induce sweating in humans.
• The therapist used music to induce relaxation during the session.
• Researchers induced a mild fever in volunteers to test the vaccine's effectiveness.
• The policy changes may induce significant shifts in market behavior over the next decade.

• induce a reaction · reaksiyona neden olmak The chemical will induce a reaction when mixed with water.
• induce labor · doğumu başlatmak Doctors may induce labor to ensure a safe delivery.
• induce sb to do sth The advertisement tried to induce consumers to buy the new product.
• induce sth in sb The study induced anxiety in participants to measure stress responses.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2ikna etmek

to persuade someone to do something or to adopt a particular belief or course of action

The advertisement attempted to induce viewers to purchase the product.

• Scientists hope to induce public support for renewable energy projects.
• The charismatic leader managed to induce his followers to trust his vision.
• Negotiators tried to induce the opposing side to accept the compromise proposal.
• Effective storytelling can induce audiences to empathize with characters from diverse backgrounds.

• induce confidence · güveni artırmak The coach's speech was designed to induce confidence in the team.
• induce compliance · uyumu sağlamak Regulators aim to induce compliance with safety standards.
• induce sb to do sth The teacher tried to induce students to participate more actively in class.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

açığa çıkarmak, ortaya koymak

to make known something that was previously hidden or unknown

The magician will reveal the trick at the end of the show.

• Scientists hope the study will reveal how the virus spreads.
• Her facial expression revealed that she was nervous about the interview.
• The leaked documents revealed serious flaws in the security system.
• Through careful analysis, the researcher revealed a previously unnoticed pattern in the data.

• reveal the truth · gerçeği ortaya koymak The investigation will reveal the truth about the accident.
• reveal a secret · gizli bir şeyi ortaya çıkarmak She promised not to reveal the secret to anyone.
• reveal that … The report revealed that the company had been underreporting emissions.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

deneme, girişim

a try or effort to achieve something, especially one that may not succeed

The student made an attempt to answer the question.

• Her attempt to finish the report before the deadline was successful.
• Despite the difficulty, the team's attempt at innovation earned praise.
• The scientist's attempt to replicate the experiment highlighted several flaws in the original method.
• International negotiations often involve multiple attempts to bridge deep-rooted disagreements.

• make an attempt · deneme yapmak She decided to make an attempt at solving the puzzle.
• failed attempt · başarısız deneme His failed attempt to climb the mountain was due to bad weather.
• an attempt to do sth They attempted to negotiate a peace treaty.
• an attempt at sth His attempt at painting impressed the critics.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1büyütmek, yetiştirmek

to bring up and care for a child or animal until it is fully developed

She reared three children while working full time.

• The farmer rears cattle on the hillside pasture.
• They reared the orphaned kitten until it could hunt.
• Our grandparents reared us with traditional values and discipline.
• Scientists reared the lab mice in controlled environments for experiments.

• rear a child · çocuğu yetiştirmek They reared a child in a bilingual household.
• rear livestock · çiftlik hayvanlarını yetiştirmek The farm rears livestock for the local market.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2şaha kalkmak

to lift the front part of the body off the ground, especially by a horse or other animal, so that it stands on its hind legs

The pony reared up after hearing the loud whistle.

• During the show, the stallion reared up dramatically.
• She was startled when the horse reared up unexpectedly.
• The animal trainer taught the horse to rear up on command.
• Spectators gasped as the bull reared up, showing its power.

• rear up · şaha kalkmak The horse reared up when the crowd cheered.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

eğilim

a regular or prevailing disposition toward a particular type of behavior, thought, or feeling

Many people have a tendency to check their phones first thing in the morning.

• The data reveal a clear tendency for younger voters to support the new party.
• Researchers observed a tendency among cats to avoid unfamiliar objects.
• Economic analysts warned of a growing tendency to rely on short-term loans.
• Despite the overall tendency to favor renewable energy, some regions still invest heavily in coal.

• a tendency to · eğilim She has a tendency to arrive late for meetings.
• strong tendency · güçlü eğilim There is a strong tendency for prices to rise during the holidays.
• a tendency to do sth The report shows a tendency to underestimate the costs.
• a tendency for sb to do sth There is a tendency for students to procrastinate before exams.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1eğilim göstermek, meyilli olmak

to be likely to behave in a particular way or to have a particular characteristic

Students tend to study harder before exams.

• Older trees tend to have deeper roots.
• People who exercise regularly tend to feel more energetic.
• When the market is unstable, investors tend to act cautiously.
• Researchers have found that mammals tend to exhibit social behaviors similar to humans.

• tend to · eğilim göstermek She tends to arrive early for meetings.
• tend toward · eğilimli olmak The climate tends toward warmer temperatures in summer.
• tend to do sth He tends to forget his keys.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2bakımını üstlenmek, ilgilenmek

to take care of or look after someone or something

The farmer tends the cows every morning.

• Volunteers tend the community garden on weekends.
• She tends the newborn twins with great patience.
• During the flu season, nurses tend the increasing number of patients.
• The caretaker tends the historic building to preserve its original architecture.

• tend a garden · bahçeye bakım yapmak She tends a small vegetable garden behind her house.
• tend the sick · hastalara bakmak Nurses tend the sick patients throughout the night.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

tanıdık olmayan, yabancı

not known or recognized; not having prior knowledge or experience with something

The map showed an unfamiliar region that the hikers had never visited.

• She found the software interface unfamiliar and needed a tutorial.
• During the exchange program, he felt unfamiliar with the local customs and etiquette.
• The professor introduced unfamiliar concepts that challenged the students' prior knowledge.

• unfamiliar territory · tanıdık olmayan bölge The researcher ventured into unfamiliar territory during the field study.
• unfamiliar faces · tanıdık olmayan yüzler She felt uneasy among the unfamiliar faces at the conference.
• be unfamiliar with sth Many students are unfamiliar with the new grading system.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

tanıdık olmama, yabancılık

the state of not being familiar with something; lack of knowledge or experience of a person, place, or thing

During the workshop, participants expressed unfamiliarity with the statistical software tools.

• Her unfamiliarity with the cultural customs made the diplomatic meeting somewhat awkward.
• To minimize unfamiliarity, the university provides detailed guides for international scholars.
• Despite extensive training, some researchers experience lingering unfamiliarity when applying novel methodologies.

• overcome unfamiliarity · tanıdık olmama durumunu aşmak She quickly overcame her unfamiliarity with the campus by asking for directions.
• unfamiliarity with sth Her unfamiliarity with the city caused problems.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

etkileşime girmek

to act upon each other; to communicate or work together with someone or something

Children interact with each other during playtime.

• The software allows users to interact with the database easily.
• Scientists study how animals interact with their habitats.
• Effective teamwork requires members to interact constructively and share feedback.
• In interdisciplinary research, scholars must interact across fields to generate innovative solutions.

• interact with · ile etkileşime girmek The students interact with the professor during the seminar.
• interact with the environment · çevreyle etkileşime girmek Plants interact with the environment to obtain nutrients.
• interact with sb/sth Researchers interact with participants to collect data.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

makul, akla yatkın, inandırıcı

capable of being believed or accepted as true or reasonable; having a reasonable chance of being true.

Researchers found a plausible reason for the sudden temperature drop.

• Although the story sounded dramatic, it was still plausible enough to be considered.
• Critics argued that the proposed solution was only superficially plausible and lacked depth.
• In the peer-review process, reviewers demand that every claim be supported by a plausible and well-documented rationale.
• The teacher said the student's hypothesis was plausible.

• plausible explanation · makul açıklama The scientist offered a plausible explanation for the unexpected results.
• plausible argument · makul argüman Her essay presented a plausible argument supporting the new policy.
• seem plausible The data seem plausible given the experimental conditions.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

hitap etmek, (söz) yöneltmek, (sorunu) ele almak

to direct spoken or written words to a particular person or group, or to deal with a problem or issue

The teacher addressed the class about the new schedule.

• The mayor will address the city council next week.
• Scientists must address climate change to protect future generations.
• She addressed the envelope correctly, ensuring it reached the right department.
• After the scandal, the company finally addressed the concerns of its shareholders.

• address the issue · konuyu ele almak The committee will address the issue at tomorrow's meeting.
• address the audience · seyirciye hitap etmek She addressed the audience with confidence.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yerine getirmek, karşılamak

to carry out or bring to completion a duty, promise, or requirement

The student fulfilled the assignment requirements on time.

• Our company must fulfill all legal obligations before expanding abroad.
• She felt proud when she finally fulfilled her lifelong dream of publishing a novel.
• The new policy aims to fulfill the government's commitment to renewable energy.
• Despite many obstacles, the research team fulfilled the ambitious objectives set by the grant committee.

• fulfill a requirement · gereksinimi yerine getirmek The software must fulfill the security requirement before release.
• fulfill an obligation · bir yükümlülüğü yerine getirmek
• fulfill a promise He fulfilled his promise.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1tatmin, memnuniyet, tatmin duygusu

the feeling of satisfaction or happiness that comes from achieving something desired or completing a goal

She felt great fulfillment after finishing the marathon.

• The project gave him a sense of fulfillment he had never experienced before.
• Volunteering at the shelter provides many people with deep fulfillment.
• Despite the challenges, the team's collaborative effort led to professional fulfillment for all members.
• Philosophers argue that true fulfillment arises from aligning one's actions with personal values.

• sense of fulfillment · tatmin duygusu She felt a deep sense of fulfillment after publishing her first novel.
• personal fulfillment · kişisel tatmin Many people seek personal fulfillment through creative hobbies.
• find fulfillment in doing sth He finds fulfillment in helping others during his free time.
• derive fulfillment from sth She derives fulfillment from her work as a teacher.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2tamamlama, yerine getirme, gerçekleşme

the act of carrying out or completing something that was promised, expected, or required

The warehouse handles order fulfillment for hundreds of customers daily.

• Timely fulfillment of the grant requirements is essential for continued funding.
• The software automates the fulfillment of routine administrative tasks.
• Regulatory agencies monitor the fulfillment of environmental standards across industries.
• Scholars debate whether the fulfillment of moral duties can be objectively measured.

• order fulfillment · siparişin yerine getirilmesi The company improved its order fulfillment process to reduce delivery times.
• fulfillment of obligations · yükümlülüklerin yerine getirilmesi The contract specifies the fulfillment of all obligations within thirty days.
• ensure the fulfillment of sth The manager must ensure the fulfillment of safety regulations on the site.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

karşılıklı

relating to a feeling, action, or relationship that is shared by two or more parties equally

The two friends have a mutual interest in photography.

• Our countries signed a treaty based on mutual cooperation.
• She felt a mutual attraction that grew stronger each day.
• The researchers emphasized the importance of mutual validation of results in scientific studies.
• Mutual accountability among team members is essential for the success of complex interdisciplinary projects.

• mutual respect · karşılıklı saygı The two colleagues worked together with mutual respect.
• mutual understanding · karşılıklı anlayış A mutual understanding was reached after the long negotiation.
• mutual benefit · karşılıklı fayda The partnership was formed for mutual benefit.
• mutual respect They have mutual respect for each other.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

ayırt etme, ayrım

the act or process of distinguishing between two or more things; a distinction

The software can perform discrimination between spam and legitimate emails.

• In statistics, discrimination helps identify outliers in the data set.
• The judge noted a subtle discrimination between the two legal arguments.
• Advanced sensors allow fine discrimination between different gas concentrations.

• discrimination between … and … There is a clear discrimination between the two experimental groups.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1farklı muamele yapmak, ayrımcılık yapmak

to treat a person or group differently, especially in a way considered unfair

The manager decided not to discriminate against any candidate.

• Many activists protest when companies discriminate against minorities.
• University admissions should not discriminate on the basis of socioeconomic status.
• Legislation was introduced to prevent employers from discriminating against pregnant workers.
• Scholars argue that subtle language can still discriminate against non-native speakers.

• discriminate against · karşı ayrımcılık yapmak The company was accused of discriminating against older workers.
• discriminate on the basis of · temeline göre ayrımcılık yapmak Schools must not discriminate on the basis of race or gender.
• discriminate against sb Employers should not discriminate against applicants with disabilities.
• discriminate on the basis of sth Policies that discriminate on the basis of age are illegal.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2ayırt etmek, ayırmak

to recognize or identify differences between things or people

Students must learn to discriminate between credible and unreliable sources.

• The test is designed to discriminate among different levels of proficiency.
• Researchers can discriminate between similar species using DNA analysis.
• Advanced algorithms discriminate among thousands of data points in real time.
• Philosophers debate whether language can truly discriminate between objective reality and perception.

• discriminate between · arasında ayırt etmek Scientists can discriminate between healthy and diseased cells.
• discriminate among · aralarında farklılaştırmak The software can discriminate among various image formats.
• discriminate between sth and sth It is hard to discriminate between fact and opinion in the article.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

ima etmek, dolaylı olarak ifade etmek

to suggest or express something indirectly, without stating it outright

The manager's smile implied approval of the new plan.

• When she raised her eyebrows, it implied surprise.
• The report implies that further research is necessary.
• His vague comments implied that the project might be delayed.
• Scholars argue that the novel's ending implies a critique of modern society.

• imply that · şöyle ima etmek His tone implied that he was unhappy with the decision.
• imply a meaning · bir anlam ima etmek The painting implies a meaning beyond its surface beauty.
• imply that … The data imply that the climate is warming faster than expected.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1olası sonuç, etki

a possible effect or consequence that follows from something else

His remarks have serious implications for the upcoming election.

• The court considered the implication of the new law on civil liberties.
• Understanding the implication of quantum entanglement requires advanced mathematical tools.

• have implications for · şunun için sonuçları olmak The new policy has implications for small businesses.
• far-reaching implications · geniş kapsamlı sonuçlar The discovery carries far-reaching implications for climate research.
• the implications of sth We discussed the implications of the decision.
• implication that … There is an implication that the company will cut jobs.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2ima, örtük anlam

something that is suggested or hinted at without being directly expressed

Her smile carried an implication of sarcasm.

• The contract contains an implication that the supplier will meet deadlines.
• Readers often miss the subtle implication hidden in the author's prose.
• During the debate, the candidate's implication that taxes would rise caused concern.
• Analyzing the implication of the metaphor reveals deeper cultural attitudes.

• underlying implication · temel ima The underlying implication of his tone was disappointment.
• by implication The report implies that the market will recover soon.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

tam anlamıyla, kelimenin tam anlamıyla

in a literal manner; exactly as stated without figurative or metaphorical interpretation

The teacher warned that jokes taken literally could cause confusion.

• When the recipe says "add a pinch of salt," it is meant literally, not figuratively.
• Critics argue that the poet's words should not be read literally but understood metaphorically.
• In legal documents, clauses are often interpreted literally to ensure precise enforcement.

• take sth literally She tends to take everything I say literally, which can lead to misunderstandings.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yargılamak, hüküm vermek

to form an opinion or conclusion about someone or something, often without full knowledge

She tends to judge strangers quickly, which can cause misunderstandings.

• Students sometimes judge their classmates based on superficial traits.
• Critics judge the film harshly, focusing on its weak storyline.
• In sociology, researchers study how societies judge moral behavior.
• Advanced seminars explore how cultural norms influence the way we judge ethical dilemmas.
• The court will judge the defendant's guilt after hearing all testimonies.
• Legal scholars argue that judges should judge without personal bias to maintain justice.

• judge a person · bir kişiyi yargılamak It's unfair to judge a person based on a single mistake.
• judge by appearance · görünüşe göre yargılamak
• judge the evidence · kanıtları değerlendirmek The jury must judge the evidence carefully before reaching a verdict.
• judge sb for sth/doing sth People often judge others for being different.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yanlış yorumlama

the act of interpreting something incorrectly or misunderstanding its meaning

Students often make a misinterpretation of the assignment instructions.

• The misinterpretation of the survey results confused the research team.
• Because of a misinterpretation of the law, the company faced unexpected penalties.
• Scholars argue that the misinterpretation of historical texts can reshape our understanding of the past.
• A nuanced analysis is required to prevent misinterpretation of complex statistical models.

• misinterpretation of the data · verilerin yanlış yorumlanması The misinterpretation of the data led to faulty conclusions in the report.
• common misinterpretation · yaygın yanlış yorumlama A common misinterpretation of the theory is that it denies free will.
• misinterpretation of sth His misinterpretation of the contract caused legal problems.
• be open to misinterpretation The rule is open to misinterpretation.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yanlış yorumlamak

to understand or explain something in an incorrect way

She misinterpreted his smile as sarcasm during the meeting.

• The student misinterpreted the assignment instructions and submitted the wrong format.
• When the news article was brief, many readers misinterpreted the facts presented.
• Scientists must be careful not to misinterpret experimental results, especially in controversial fields.
• Even seasoned diplomats can misinterpret subtle cultural cues, leading to diplomatic misunderstandings.

• misinterpret the data · verileri yanlış yorumlamak The researcher misinterpreted the data and drew wrong conclusions.
• misinterpret the meaning · anlamı yanlış yorumlamak She misinterpreted the meaning of the sentence and answered incorrectly.
• misinterpret sth He misinterpreted my silence.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1ortaya çıkmak, meydana gelmek

to come into being or to happen, especially unexpectedly

New problems can arise if the plan is not followed carefully.

• Unexpected difficulties arose during the field trip.
• The need for reform arose after the scandal was revealed.
• Complex ethical dilemmas arise when artificial intelligence makes autonomous decisions.

• issues arise · sorunlar ortaya çıkar If any issues arise during the experiment, report them immediately.
• questions arise · sorular ortaya çıkar Several questions arise when we examine the data closely.
• arise from sth The conflict arose from a misunderstanding about the contract terms.
• arise when … Problems may arise when the system is overloaded.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2kalkmak, ayağa kalkmak

to get up from a lying, sitting, or kneeling position; to stand

He arises at six o'clock every weekday to catch the bus.

• After the alarm rang, she quickly arose and prepared breakfast.
• The child arose from the floor and ran to his mother.
• When the lecture ended, the students arose and filed out of the hall.
• Despite the cold weather, the hikers arose promptly and continued their ascent.

• arise early · erken kalkmak She always arises early to go for a jog before work.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

ciddi, ağır

serious and solemn, indicating great importance or danger

The teacher warned the class about the grave consequences of cheating.

• His grave tone made everyone listen carefully during the meeting.
• The report highlighted a grave risk to public health if the policy fails.
• Despite the grave warnings, some investors still ignored the market signals.
• The novel's climax reveals a grave moral dilemma that challenges the protagonist's values.

• grave concern · ciddi endişe The scientists expressed grave concern about the rising sea levels.
• grave mistake · ciddi hata Leaving the medication out of the fridge was a grave mistake.
• a grave mistake He made a grave mistake.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

zıt, karşıt, ters

being opposite in nature, direction, or meaning; conflicting or inconsistent

The two theories are contrary and cannot both be true.

• Scientists found results that were contrary to the initial hypothesis.
• Despite being contrary to the guidelines, the manager approved the request.
• The novel presents a contrary perspective on the historical events, challenging conventional narratives.

• contrary evidence · zıt kanıt The jury considered the contrary evidence before reaching a verdict.
• contrary opinion · zıt görüş She expressed a contrary opinion during the meeting.
• be contrary to sth His actions are contrary to the company's policy.
• contrary to popular belief Contrary to popular belief, bats are not blind.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

toplanma, toplantı

an assembly of people or things brought together in one place

The school organized a gathering for the new students to meet each other.

• A small gathering of friends met at the café after work.
• During the conference, a gathering of experts discussed climate change solutions.
• The unexpected gathering of protesters caused the streets to be blocked for hours.
• Historical records show that gatherings of scholars in the medieval period shaped modern science.

• family gathering · aile toplantısı The family gathering was held at their grandparents' house.
• social gathering · sosyal toplantı A social gathering was organized to celebrate the new community center.
• a gathering of sb There was a gathering of students in the courtyard after the lecture.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

katılmak

to take part in an activity or event

The children will participate in the school play tomorrow.

• She decided to participate in the charity run for health awareness.
• Researchers invite scholars to participate in the interdisciplinary workshop.
• Despite his busy schedule, he managed to participate actively in the community forum.
• The multinational team was praised for how each member participated in developing the innovative solution.

• participate in · katılmak She will participate in the conference next week.
• participate actively · aktif olarak katılmak Students are encouraged to participate actively during class discussions.
• participate in sth They decided to participate in the research project.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

katılım

the act of taking part in something; the state of being involved in an activity or event

The teacher asked for participation during the lesson.

• Students showed good participation in the group activity.
• Her participation in the conference was praised by the organizers.
• Active participation can enhance learning outcomes in higher education.
• The study measured the impact of sustained participation on long-term skill development.

• active participation · aktif katılım The workshop encouraged active participation from all attendees.
• full participation · tam katılım Full participation is required for the research study to be valid.
• participation in the project · projeye katılım Her participation in the project improved its overall quality.
• active participation in sth Active participation in class is expected.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

katılımcı, iştirak eden kişi

a person who takes part in an activity or event

The conference welcomed each participant with a welcome packet.

• During the experiment, every participant followed the same instructions.
• She felt confident as a participant in the university debate team.
• The study reported that participants who exercised regularly showed better results.
• International scholars praised the participant from Brazil for her insightful contributions.

• active participant · etkin katılımcı She was an active participant in the workshop.
• key participant · önemli katılımcı He became a key participant in the research project.
• a participant in sth She was a participant in the study.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kesmek, sözünü kesmek

to stop the continuous progress of something or to break the flow of speech or activity

The phone rang and interrupted my study session.

• She interrupted the meeting to announce the urgent news.
• A sudden thunderstorm interrupted the outdoor ceremony.
• During the debate, he interrupted with a sharp criticism.
• She felt embarrassed when she interrupted the professor's explanation.
• The audience member interrupted the panel to raise a concern about ethics.
• Interrupting a speaker without reason is considered rude in academic settings.

• interrupt a conversation · konuşmayı bölmek She interrupted the conversation to ask a question.
• interrupt a broadcast · yayını kesmek The news ticker interrupted the broadcast for a breaking story.
• interrupt the speaker · konuşmacıyı bölmek Do not interrupt the speaker during the presentation.
• be interrupted by sth The lecture was interrupted by a fire alarm.
• interrupt sb Please don't interrupt me while I'm speaking.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kesinti, ara

the act of stopping something temporarily or the period during which something is stopped

The phone rang, causing a brief interruption in the class.

• She apologized for the interruption and continued her presentation.
• During the interview, an unexpected interruption forced the panel to pause.
• The interruption of the power supply disrupted the laboratory's experiments for several hours.
• Despite the frequent interruptions, the researcher managed to complete the complex analysis before the deadline.

• make an interruption · kesinti yapmak The speaker decided to make an interruption to answer a question.
• interruption of service · hizmet kesintisi There was an unexpected interruption of service during the live broadcast.
• without interruption He worked for hours without interruption.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

özellikle, dikkate değer bir şekilde

to a noticeable degree; especially; in a way that attracts attention

The professor was notably enthusiastic during the lecture.

• She performed notably well in the midterm exam.
• The city's traffic congestion is notably worse during rush hour.
• Researchers found the phenomenon notably significant in their study of climate change.
• Critics argued that the novel's themes were notably underdeveloped compared to the author's earlier works.

dikkate değer, öne çıkan

worthy of attention or notice because of being remarkable or important.

The museum displayed a notable painting from the 18th century.

• His notable contributions to the project earned him a promotion.
• During the conference, several notable speakers presented their findings.
• The study highlighted a notable correlation between sleep quality and academic performance.
• Critics praised the novel for its notable narrative structure and deep character development.

• notable achievement · dikkate değer başarı She received an award for her notable achievement in research.
• notable figure · dikkate değer kişi Albert Einstein is a notable figure in the history of physics.
• notable increase · dikkate değer artış The company reported a notable increase in sales last quarter.
• be notable for sth The city is notable for its historic architecture.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

muadil, mevkidaş, dengi

a person or thing that has the same function or characteristics as another in a different place or context

The American ambassador met his counterpart from Japan at the summit.

• In the report, the European Union's counterpart is described as a key partner.
• The junior engineer consulted his counterpart in the R&D division for technical advice.
• During the conference, each speaker was paired with a counterpart from a different institution.

• counterpart in another country · başka bir ülkedeki muadil
• counterpart department · muadil departman Our marketing team coordinated with its counterpart department in the headquarters.
• sb's counterpart The minister met his French counterpart.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

karşılıklı

relating to a situation where something is given, felt, or done in return for something else

The two students formed a reciprocal study partnership for the exam.

• Our company offers a reciprocal discount to loyal customers who refer new clients.
• Scientists often engage in reciprocal collaborations to share laboratory resources.
• The treaty established a reciprocal framework for environmental protection across borders.
• In philosophy, the concept of reciprocal obligations underpins many theories of justice.

• reciprocal agreement · karşılıklı anlaşma The two countries signed a reciprocal agreement on trade.
• reciprocal relationship · karşılıklı ilişki A healthy marriage is built on a reciprocal relationship of respect.
• reciprocal respect · karşılıklı saygı Reciprocal respect among colleagues improves workplace morale.
• a reciprocal agreement The two countries signed a reciprocal agreement.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1kaldırmak, yükseltmek, artırmak

to lift or move to a higher position; to cause to increase in amount, level, or intensity

The teacher will raise the class's reading level next semester.

• He raised his hand to ask a question about the assignment.
• The government plans to raise taxes on luxury goods to fund education.

2büyütmek, yetiştirmek

to bring up or rear a child, animal, or plant; to nurture and develop

She decided to raise a dog after moving to the countryside.

• Many families raise children with a strong emphasis on education.
• The community program helps raise youth in safe environments.
• Farmers raise cattle to meet the growing demand for beef.
• Raising a bilingual child can provide significant cognitive advantages.

• raise a child · çocuk yetiştirmek They worked hard to raise a child who values honesty.
• raise livestock · hayvan yetiştirmek The farm raises livestock for both meat and dairy production.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

ayrıntılı olarak açıklamak, detaylandırmak

to explain something in great detail or to develop it further with additional information

Researchers must elaborate their methodology to ensure reproducibility of results.

• In the final chapter, the author elaborates the philosophical implications of the findings.

• elaborate a plan · bir planı ayrıntılı olarak hazırlamak The committee will elaborate a plan for the new campus expansion.
• elaborate a report · bir raporu detaylandırmak She was asked to elaborate the report before the meeting.
• elaborate on sth The professor elaborated on the theory during the lecture.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

çelişmek, aksi bir şey söylemek

to assert the opposite of a statement or claim; to be in conflict with something.

The article contradicts what we learned in class.

• His findings contradict previous research on the topic.
• She often contradicts herself during debates.
• The data contradicts the hypothesis presented earlier in the paper.
• Despite the official report, the satellite images contradict the claimed progress.

• contradict sb Don't contradict your teacher.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

çelişki

a situation in which two or more statements, ideas, or actions are in conflict with each other

The essay contains a clear contradiction between its thesis and conclusion.

• During the debate, the candidate highlighted a contradiction in the opponent's policy.
• Scientists must resolve contradictions in experimental results before publishing.
• Philosophers often explore contradictions to understand the limits of logical systems.
• The legal scholar argued that the statute's wording creates an inherent contradiction that undermines its enforcement.

• apparent contradiction · görünür çelişki The scientist pointed out an apparent contradiction in the data.
• direct contradiction · doğrudan çelişki His statement was a direct contradiction of the earlier report.
• a contradiction in terms A quiet party is a contradiction in terms.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

çelişkili, zıt

showing a mutual incompatibility or inconsistency between two or more statements, ideas, or actions

The two reports contain contradictory information about the project's budget.

• Her contradictory behavior confused everyone in the meeting.
• Scientists often encounter contradictory data when testing new theories.
• Despite the contradictory findings, the study still contributed valuable insights to the field.
• The policy's contradictory clauses made its implementation difficult for administrators.

• contradictory evidence · çelişkili kanıt The researchers presented contradictory evidence that challenged the original hypothesis.
• contradictory statements · çelişkili ifadeler The witness gave contradictory statements during the trial, confusing the jury.
• be contradictory to sth His actions are contradictory to his stated values.
• appear contradictory The results appear contradictory at first glance, but further analysis clarifies them.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey