Bilkent Pre-Faculty

gebelik sonlandırma, kürtaj

the deliberate termination of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the womb

She learned about her options and chose to have an abortion.

• The clinic provides safe abortion services for women in need.
• Debates over abortion often involve moral, legal, and medical arguments.
• Researchers studied the impact of restrictive abortion laws on public health.
• International organizations advocate for women's right to access safe abortion procedures.

• illegal abortion · yasadışı kürtaj The country has strict laws against illegal abortion.
• abortion clinic · kürtaj kliniği She visited an abortion clinic for counseling.
• abortion rate · kürtaj oranı The government published statistics on the national abortion rate.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

mutlak, tam

complete and total; without any limitation

Her absolute trust in the team helped them succeed.

• Scientists seek absolute measurements that are free from error.
• The dictator demanded absolute obedience from every citizen.
• Philosophers debate whether moral truths can be absolute.
• The treaty guarantees an absolute ban on nuclear weapons.
• His argument rested on an absolute premise that cannot be disputed.
• In mathematics, an absolute value is always non-negative.
• The court issued an absolute injunction against the corporation.
• Philosophers question whether any moral principle can be truly absolute.

• absolute certainty · tam kesinlik She spoke with absolute certainty about the results.
• absolute control · tam kontrol The manager exercised absolute control over the project.
• absolute rule · mutlak yönetim The country suffered under an absolute rule for decades.
• absolute right · kesin hak Freedom of speech is considered an absolute right in many democracies.

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özet, kısa özet

a brief summary of the main points of a research paper, article, or report

The journal requires a 150-word abstract for each submission.

• His abstract clearly described the experiment's purpose and results.
• When reviewing the article, I first read the abstract to understand the scope.
• The professor emphasized that a well-structured abstract can attract more readers.
• Despite the complex methodology, the abstract managed to convey the study's significance succinctly.

• write an abstract · özet yazmak The students were asked to write an abstract for their lab reports.
• abstract of a paper · makalenin özeti The abstract of the paper highlighted the key findings.
• an abstract of sth She prepared an abstract for her conference presentation.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

eşlik etmek, birlikte bulunmak

to go somewhere with someone as a companion or to be present together with something

I will accompany you to the library after class.

• The nurse accompanied the patient to the radiology department.
• During the field trip, the teacher accompanied the students across the river safely.
• The research assistant was asked to accompany the professor during the conference presentation to take notes.

• accompany sb to sth He accompanied her walking to the park.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

sorumlu

required to explain or justify actions, decisions, or outcomes; answerable to someone for one's conduct.

The project leader must be accountable for meeting the deadline.

• Teachers are accountable to parents for their children's progress.
• In a democracy, officials are accountable to the public.
• The audit revealed that the company was not fully accountable for its environmental impact.
• Scholars argue that researchers should be accountable for the ethical implications of their findings.

• accountable for · sorumlu olmak The manager is accountable for the team's performance.
• be accountable to sb She is accountable to the board of directors for her decisions.
• hold sb accountable The committee will hold the director accountable for the budget overruns.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

biriktirmek, toplamak

to gather or collect something over time, increasing in quantity or number

She accumulates points in the loyalty program every month.

• The library accumulates new books each semester for students.
• Scientists accumulate evidence before drawing a firm conclusion.
• Over decades, the city accumulated layers of historical architecture.
• Policy analysts accumulate complex datasets to model future economic trends.

• accumulate data · veri biriktirmek Researchers accumulate data from multiple experiments before publishing their results.
• accumulate wealth · servet biriktirmek He managed to accumulate wealth through careful investments and saving.
• accumulate over time Dust accumulates over time.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

alışkın

familiar with something through long use or experience

I am accustomed to cold weather.

• She became accustomed to the new schedule quickly.
• Many tourists are not accustomed to the local cuisine.
• After months of training, the athletes were fully accustomed to the rigorous regimen.
• The committee members, having dealt with similar proposals before, were accustomed to the procedural delays.

• accustomed to · alışkın She is accustomed to waking up early.
• accustomed to the climate · iklime alışkın The residents are accustomed to the hot, dry climate.
• be accustomed to sth/doing sth He is accustomed to working long hours.
• get accustomed to sth/doing sth You will get accustomed to the noise after a few weeks.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kabul etmek, onaylamak

to accept or admit the existence or truth of something; to give official recognition to something

She acknowledged the invitation and said she would attend.

• The manager asked the staff to acknowledge the new policy.
• After the error was discovered, the scientist acknowledged the oversight in the report.
• International leaders must acknowledge the impact of climate change on vulnerable populations.
• The author reluctantly acknowledged the influence of earlier works on her novel.

• acknowledge receipt · alındığını onaylamak Please acknowledge receipt of this email by replying.
• acknowledge the fact · gerçeği kabul etmek She finally acknowledged the fact that she was wrong.
• acknowledge that … He acknowledged that he had made a mistake.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

reklam

a public notice or announcement promoting a product, service, or idea, usually in the media.

The ad on the bus stop caught my attention.

• She created a colorful ad for the university's open day.
• Many people ignore ads that appear before a video starts.
• The effectiveness of the ad was measured through a follow-up survey.
• Critics argued that the ad perpetuated unrealistic beauty standards.

• online ad · çevrimiçi reklam She clicked on an online ad while browsing the news site.
• place an ad He placed an ad in the local newspaper to sell his car.
• run an ad The brand decided to run an ad during the prime-time TV slot.

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katkı maddesi

a substance added to something else in order to improve, preserve, or alter its properties

The label lists all the food additives used in the snack.

• Scientists are testing a biodegradable additive for plastic production.
• Regulations require manufacturers to disclose any harmful additives.
• The study examined how a specific additive influences the polymer's thermal stability.

• food additive · gıda katkı maddesi The manufacturer reduced the amount of artificial food additives in the new product.
• chemical additive · kimyasal katkı maddesi The engine oil contains a chemical additive that reduces wear.
• a food additive The drink contains no food additives.
• an additive for sth This polymer is an effective additive for increasing flexibility.

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1ilaç vermek

to give a drug or treatment to a patient

The clinic nurse administers medication to children each morning.

• During the trial, researchers administered the drug to fifty volunteers.
• She carefully administered the insulin dose to avoid complications.
• The doctor administered a new treatment after reviewing the patient's history.
• Administering the vaccine required strict adherence to safety protocols.

• administer medication · ilaç vermek The nurse will administer medication every four hours.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2yönetmek, idare etmek

to manage or be responsible for the execution of something

The university administers several research grants annually.

• Local authorities administer public services to improve community welfare.
• The board administers the company's financial policies with strict oversight.
• International organizations administer humanitarian aid in conflict zones.
• Effective leaders administer resources strategically to achieve long-term goals.

• administer a program · bir programı yürütmek The agency will administer a program to support small businesses.
• administer justice · adaleti sağlamak Courts are tasked to administer justice fairly.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

hitap etmek, (söz) yöneltmek, (sorunu) ele almak

to direct spoken or written words to a particular person or group, or to deal with a problem or issue

The teacher addressed the class about the new schedule.

• The mayor will address the city council next week.
• Scientists must address climate change to protect future generations.
• She addressed the envelope correctly, ensuring it reached the right department.
• After the scandal, the company finally addressed the concerns of its shareholders.

• address the issue · konuyu ele almak The committee will address the issue at tomorrow's meeting.
• address the audience · seyirciye hitap etmek She addressed the audience with confidence.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1ilerleme, gelişme

the process of moving forward or making progress in a particular field or activity

Researchers are celebrating recent advances in cancer treatment research.

• His career saw rapid advances after he published his first novel.
• The team's advances in data analysis have improved decision-making across the organization.
• Despite setbacks, the nation continues to make advances toward sustainable development goals.

• make advances in · alanında ilerlemeler kaydetmek Scientists have made significant advances in renewable energy technology.
• technological advance · teknolojik ilerleme The latest smartphone represents a major technological advance.
• an advance in sth She hopes to see an advance in her language skills this semester.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2avans, ön ödeme

a sum of money paid before it is due, often as a part of a larger transaction

The contractor requested an advance before starting the renovation work.

• She was thrilled to receive an advance for her upcoming research project.
• The musician signed a contract that included a sizable advance for the album.
• Before the shipment, the buyer paid an advance to secure the order.
• Negotiations stalled because the client refused to provide an advance payment.

• receive an advance · avans almak The author will receive an advance of $10,000 for the new book.
• pay an advance · avans ödemek She had to pay an advance before the landlord accepted the lease.
• an advance on sth He asked for an advance on his salary to cover unexpected expenses.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1savunucu, destekçi

a person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy

The student became an advocate for campus recycling programs.

• Local residents view her as a strong advocate of public transportation.
• During the debate, he acted as an advocate for the minority viewpoint.
• Her persuasive speeches made her a respected advocate of gender equality in academia.
• International NGOs often seek seasoned advocates to lobby governments on climate policy.

• human-rights advocate · insan hakları savunucusu She has worked for years as a human-rights advocate.
• environmental advocate · çevre savunucusu The council invited an environmental advocate to the meeting.
• an advocate of sth He is an advocate of renewable energy.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2avukat, hukukçu

a professional who is qualified to represent clients in a court of law

The advocate presented new evidence during the trial.

• After graduating, she passed the bar exam and became a licensed advocate.
• The senior advocate argued the case before the Supreme Court with confidence.
• In complex corporate litigation, an experienced advocate can make a decisive difference.
• Legal scholars often analyze how advocates shape jurisprudence through persuasive oral arguments.

• court advocate · mahkeme avukatı She was hired as a court advocate for the civil case.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

gündem

a list of things to be discussed at a meeting; things that need to be dealt with

The first item on the agenda is the budget.

• Climate change is high on the political agenda.

1ileride, önde

in a position that is in front of or before something else

The hikers moved ahead quickly to reach the summit before sunset.

• The company announced that sales are expected to grow ahead of last year's figures.
• Despite the obstacles, the research team progressed ahead, achieving breakthrough results.

• move ahead · ileriye hareket etmek The project will move ahead after the funding is approved.
• look ahead · ileri bakmak You need to look ahead and plan for possible challenges.
• ahead of sb She finished the exam ahead of her classmates.
• ahead of schedule The construction was completed ahead of schedule.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2önceden, önceden planlayarak

in advance of a particular time; before something happens

Please submit your assignment ahead of the due date.

• The committee discussed the proposal ahead of the meeting.
• Researchers must think ahead when designing experiments to avoid bias.
• The policy was implemented ahead of the anticipated economic downturn.
• By analyzing trends ahead of time, the analysts provided valuable strategic insights.

• plan ahead · önceden planlamak Students should plan ahead for the final exams.
• think ahead · önceden düşünmek Good managers always think ahead about potential risks.
• ahead of time We need to submit the report ahead of time to meet the deadline.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

uyarı, alarm durumu

a warning signal or notification about a possible danger or problem

The school sent an alert to parents about the fire drill.

• A flood alert was posted on the city's website yesterday.
• When the stock market fell, investors received an alert from their broker.
• The airline issued an alert regarding possible delays due to weather conditions.
• International agencies coordinated to issue a global health alert after the outbreak.

• issue an alert · uyarı yayınlamak The weather service issued an alert for severe thunderstorms.
• receive an alert · uyarı almak She received an alert on her phone about the upcoming meeting.
• be on alert The police are on alert.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1hak, pay, limit

a fixed amount or limit that is allowed, especially in travel or shipping

Your ticket includes a 15-kilogram baggage allowance.

• The shipping contract states a weight allowance of 200 kilograms per container.
• Airlines often reduce the allowance for economy class passengers.
• Customs officials checked the allowance of liquids in each passenger's carry-on bag.
• The new policy raises the allowance for oversized items on international flights.

• baggage allowance · bagaj hakkı The airline increased its baggage allowance to 23 kilograms.
• weight allowance · ağırlık limiti The freight company offers a weight allowance of 500 kilograms per pallet.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2harçlık, ödenek

a regular sum of money given to someone, often for personal expenses

My parents give me a small allowance to cover school supplies.

• The teenager uses his allowance to buy video games and snacks.
• She decided to invest part of her allowance in a savings account.
• After the raise, the employee's monthly allowance for travel expenses increased.
• The scholarship includes a living allowance to cover housing and meals.

• weekly allowance · haftalık harçlık He saves part of his weekly allowance for a new bike.
• child's allowance · çocuğun harçlığı Parents set a modest child's allowance to teach financial responsibility.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

(with ile) ittifak kurmak, güçlerini birleştirmek

to join forces with another person or group in order to support a common cause or goal

The small firm decided to ally with a larger corporation for market expansion.

• Students often ally with each other to complete group projects more efficiently.
• The government allied several agencies to combat the rising cyber-security threats.
• Historical analyses reveal how nations allied strategically to maintain balance of power.

• ally with · ile ittifak kurmak The two countries decided to ally with each other against the common threat.
• ally oneself with sb She allied herself with the reformers.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

değiştirmek, değişmek

to make a change to something, especially in order to improve or correct it

She altered the dress to fit better.

• The committee altered the rules after the meeting.
• Scientists altered the experiment to reduce errors.
• The company altered its marketing strategy to reach younger customers.
• Historical events altered the course of the nation's development.
• The landscape altered after the heavy rain.
• His opinion altered once he heard the full story.

• alter the schedule · programı değiştirmek The manager decided to alter the schedule for next week.
• alter the design · tasarımı değiştirmek Engineers had to alter the design after the test results.
• alter dramatically The city has altered dramatically.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

belirsizlik, muğlaklık

the quality of being open to more than one interpretation; lack of clear meaning

Many students find ambiguity in poetry challenging but interesting.

• Researchers study how ambiguity in survey questions affects response accuracy.
• The philosopher argued that moral ambiguity is inevitable in complex ethical dilemmas.
• In literary criticism, ambiguity is often praised for adding depth and multiple layers of meaning to a narrative.
• The teacher explained that ambiguity can make a text harder to understand.

• linguistic ambiguity · dilsel belirsizlik The sentence contains linguistic ambiguity that confuses readers.
• legal ambiguity · hukuki belirsizlik Legal ambiguity in the contract led to a lengthy lawsuit.
• create ambiguity Politicians often create ambiguity to avoid taking a firm stance.

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analist, veri yorumcusu

a person who examines and interprets data or information, especially in a professional context

The analyst reviewed the quarterly sales figures for errors.

• Our senior analyst prepared a report on consumer behavior trends.
• During the meeting, the analyst explained the impact of the new policy.
• A skilled analyst can identify patterns that are not obvious at first glance.
• The interdisciplinary team relied on the analyst's expertise to interpret complex climate data.

• financial analyst · finans analisti She works as a financial analyst for a multinational bank.
• data analyst · veri analisti The company hired a data analyst to improve its reporting system.
• policy analyst · politika analisti A policy analyst drafted the new environmental regulations.
• a market analyst She works as a market analyst.

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1açı

the figure formed by two lines or surfaces intersecting at a common point, measured in degrees or radians

The teacher drew a 90-degree angle on the board.

• She turned the picture frame to a slightly different angle.
• In geometry class we learned how to calculate the angle between two lines.
• The architect used a sharp angle to create a dramatic roofline for the museum.
• Advanced trigonometry explores how angles relate to complex wave functions in physics.

• right angle · dik açı A right angle measures exactly ninety degrees.
• acute angle · dar açı The triangle has an acute angle of 30 degrees.
• at an angle The picture was hanging at an angle.

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2bakış açısı, perspektif

a particular way of considering or approaching something; a point of view

She offered a fresh angle on the debate about climate policy.

• The novel is told from the protagonist's angle, making the story intimate.
• When solving the puzzle, try to consider each piece from another angle.
• Critics praised the film for its unique angle on historical events.
• In graduate seminars, scholars are encouraged to adopt interdisciplinary angles to enrich their analyses.

• new angle · yeni bakış açısı The researcher presented the problem from a new angle.
• different angle · farklı bakış açısı We need to examine the issue from a different angle.
• from a different angle You should look at the data from a different angle to find hidden trends.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

isimsiz, anonim, kimliği bilinmeyen

not identified by name; lacking a known or disclosed identity

Many charities rely on anonymous donors to fund their projects.

• The researcher kept the study participants anonymous to comply with ethical standards.

• anonymous source · kimliği gizli kaynak The journalist quoted an anonymous source for the story.
• anonymous donor · isim vermeyen bağışçı The museum received a large sum from an anonymous donor.
• anonymous feedback · isimsiz geri bildirim Students were encouraged to give anonymous feedback on the course.
• remain anonymous The whistleblower chose to remain anonymous to avoid retaliation.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

özür dileyen, pişman

showing or expressing regret for a fault or offense; offering an apology.

He wrote an apologetic email after missing the deadline.

• The manager gave an apologetic explanation for the system outage.
• She gave an apologetic smile when she realized her comment was rude.
• Apologetic remarks were made by the spokesperson during the press conference.
• Despite his apologetic tone, the committee remained unconvinced by his justification.

• apologetic tone · özür dileyen üslup He spoke in an apologetic tone after the mistake.
• apologetic gesture · özür dileyen jest She made an apologetic gesture by bringing a gift.
• be apologetic about sth She was apologetic about the delay in submitting the report.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1apandis

the small, tube-shaped organ attached to the large intestine, often considered vestigial

The doctor explained that the appendix can become infected.

• She felt sharp pain in the lower right abdomen because of her appendix.
• During the anatomy class, students identified the appendix on the model.
• Research shows that the appendix may have a role in immune function.

• inflamed appendix · iltihaplı apandis The patient was rushed to surgery because of an inflamed appendix.
• appendix removal · apandis alınması Appendix removal is a common emergency procedure.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2ek, ilave bölüm

a supplementary section at the end of a book or document containing additional information

The report's appendix contains the raw survey results.

• Students were asked to read the appendix before the exam.
• The book's appendix lists all the abbreviations used.
• In the appendix, the authors provide supplementary figures and charts.
• The journal requires an appendix for any additional experimental data.

• appendix A · ek A Refer to Appendix A for the detailed data tables.
• appendix includes · ek içerir The appendix includes a glossary of technical terms.
• see the appendix Please see the appendix for the full methodology.

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alkışlamak

to show approval or praise by clapping one's hands

The students applauded when the teacher announced the surprise holiday.

• After the concert, the crowd stood up and applauded enthusiastically.

• applaud loudly · yüksek sesle alkışlamak The audience applauded loudly after the final scene.
• applaud the performance · performansı alkışlamak Critics and fans alike applauded the performance.
• applaud sb for sth The director applauded the actors for their dedication.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1görevlendirmek, atamak

to assign someone to a position or role, usually officially

The university will appoint a new dean next month.

• The manager appointed her as the team leader after the meeting.
• The king appointed a trusted advisor to handle foreign affairs.
• The committee appointed three experts to evaluate the proposals.
• The council appointed a temporary chairperson until elections are held.

• appoint a minister · bir bakan atamak The president will appoint a new minister next week.
• appoint a committee · bir komite atamak The board decided to appoint a committee to review the policy.
• appoint sb to sth They appointed her to the role of project manager.
• appoint sb as sth He was appointed as chairman of the board.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2kararlaştırmak, belirlemek, tayin etmek

to arrange a time for a meeting or event

Please appoint a date for the interview as soon as possible.

• They appointed a time to discuss the budget revisions.

• appoint a date · bir tarih belirlemek We need to appoint a date for the conference.
• at the appointed time They met at the appointed time.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1yöntem, yaklaşım

a way of dealing with a situation or problem

Scientists are testing a different approach to reduce carbon emissions.

• His innovative approach helped the company increase productivity.
• The committee's cautious approach to policy changes was praised by stakeholders.
• Despite criticism, her interdisciplinary approach reshaped the field of cognitive neuroscience.
• The teacher explained a simple approach to solving linear equations.

• new approach · yeni yöntem The researchers proposed a new approach to renewable energy.
• holistic approach · bütüncül yaklaşım A holistic approach is essential for effective patient care.
• an approach to sth Her approach to problem solving is very analytical.

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2yaklaşma, geliş

the act of coming nearer to someone or something

The approach of the storm caused the school to cancel classes.

• We could see the approach of the mountain hikers from the valley.
• Her heart raced as the approach of the deadline grew nearer.
• The city prepared emergency services for the approach of the hurricane.
• Scientists monitored the approach of the comet to study its composition.

• slow approach · yavaş yaklaşma The slow approach of the train gave passengers time to board.
• final approach · son yaklaşma During the final approach, the pilot adjusted the landing gear.

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1ortaya çıkmak, meydana gelmek

to come into being or to happen, especially unexpectedly

New problems can arise if the plan is not followed carefully.

• Unexpected difficulties arose during the field trip.
• The need for reform arose after the scandal was revealed.
• Complex ethical dilemmas arise when artificial intelligence makes autonomous decisions.

• issues arise · sorunlar ortaya çıkar If any issues arise during the experiment, report them immediately.
• questions arise · sorular ortaya çıkar Several questions arise when we examine the data closely.
• arise from sth The conflict arose from a misunderstanding about the contract terms.
• arise when … Problems may arise when the system is overloaded.

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2kalkmak, ayağa kalkmak

to get up from a lying, sitting, or kneeling position; to stand

He arises at six o'clock every weekday to catch the bus.

• After the alarm rang, she quickly arose and prepared breakfast.
• The child arose from the floor and ran to his mother.
• When the lecture ended, the students arose and filed out of the hall.
• Despite the cold weather, the hikers arose promptly and continued their ascent.

• arise early · erken kalkmak She always arises early to go for a jog before work.

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toplamak, toplanmak, bir araya getirmek

to bring together separate parts or people into a single group or whole

We will assemble the furniture after we unpack the boxes.

• Engineers assembled the prototype using 3D-printed components.
• Residents assembled in the town square to hear the mayor's speech.
• After the fire alarm, everyone quickly assembled at the designated meeting point.
• The volunteers assembled at the shelter before the hurricane hit the coast.
• Researchers assembled in the lab to analyze the unexpected results from the experiment.
• During the emergency drill, all staff members assembled in the main lobby for instructions.

• assemble a team · bir ekip toplamak The manager decided to assemble a team of experts for the project.
• assemble the parts · parçaları birleştirmek You need to assemble the parts before the machine can operate.
• assemble for a protest · bir protesto için toplanmak Hundreds of citizens assembled for a protest against the new law.
• assemble in the courtyard · avlu içinde toplanmak Students assembled in the courtyard before the ceremony began.
• assemble for sth Scientists assembled for a conference on climate change.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1iddia etmek, ileri sürmek

to state something confidently and forcefully as true, often without providing proof

The scientist asserted a new theory about black holes.

• During the debate, she asserted her position clearly.
• He asserted that the data were accurate despite the critics.
• The lawyer asserted the defendant's innocence in court.
• Even after the setback, the team asserted its determination to finish the project.

• assert a claim · bir iddiayı ileri sürmek The researcher asserted a claim about the correlation between diet and health.
• assert that … He asserted that the experiment was successful.
• assert oneself In a new team, it's important to assert yourself early.
• assert one's rights She asserted her rights during the meeting with management.

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2ortaya koymak, kabul ettirmek, hissettirmek

to behave in a way that makes others recognize your authority, rights, or control

The coach asserted control of the training session.

• She asserted authority in the discussion about policy changes.
• The commander asserted control over the troops during the operation.
• He asserted his authority to make the final decision.
• In the crisis, the leader asserted control to coordinate the response.

• assert control over sth The government asserted control over the media outlets.

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güvence vermek, temin etmek

to tell someone something positively so that they feel confident that it is true or will happen

The teacher assured the students that the exam would be fair.

• Our company assures customers of high quality products.
• She assured him that the meeting would start on time.
• The ambassador assured the international community that the treaty would be honored.
• Despite the rumors, the scientist assured the public that the findings were reliable.

• assure sb that … He assured the committee that the project would meet the deadline.
• assure sb of sth The doctor assured the patient of a full recovery.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1atmosfer

the layer of gases surrounding a planet or other celestial body

Scientists study the atmosphere to understand climate change.

• A thin atmosphere on the moon makes it impossible to breathe.
• Researchers measured the composition of the planet's atmosphere using satellites.

• earth's atmosphere · dünya atmosferi The Earth's atmosphere protects life from harmful solar radiation.
• thin atmosphere · ince atmosfer Mars has a thin atmosphere compared to Earth.

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2ortam, hava, atmosfer

the prevailing mood, feeling, or tone of a place, event, or situation

The library provides a calm atmosphere for studying.

• A festive atmosphere filled the streets during the holiday parade.
• The tense atmosphere made it hard for the team to concentrate.
• She appreciated the supportive atmosphere of the research group.
• Despite the chaos outside, the office maintained a professional atmosphere.

• friendly atmosphere · samimi ortam The café has a friendly atmosphere that attracts many students.
• tense atmosphere · gergin ortam A tense atmosphere filled the courtroom during the trial.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

ulaşmak, elde etmek

to achieve or reach a desired goal, level, or result

The company aims to attain higher market share next year.

• Through perseverance, he attained the respect of his peers.
• Researchers hope to attain a breakthrough in renewable energy technology.
• Despite obstacles, the athlete finally attained the world record she had chased for years.

• attain a goal · bir hedefe ulaşmak
• attain a level · bir seviyeye ulaşmak After months of practice, he finally attained a proficient level in French.
• attain a goal She finally attained her goal.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

avukat (Amerikan İngilizcesi)

a lawyer, especially one who represents people in court

His attorney advised him not to speak.

• She works as a defence attorney.

özellik, nitelik

a quality or characteristic belonging to a person, thing, or concept

The car's most praised attribute is its fuel efficiency.

• Honesty is an attribute that many employers value highly.
• One of the main attributes of the new software is its user-friendly interface.
• While the painting's aesthetic attribute captivates viewers, its historical significance is equally important.

• key attribute · temel özellik Creativity is a key attribute of successful designers.
• inherent attribute · doğuştan gelen nitelik Patience is an inherent attribute of good teachers.
• a key attribute Patience is a key attribute for teachers.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1güç, yetki, otorite

the legal right or power to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience

The police officer has the authority to stop traffic.

• Local governments exercise authority over zoning regulations.
• During the crisis, the president's authority was questioned by many experts.
• The committee's authority to approve budgets was limited by new legislation.

• exercise authority · otoriteyi kullanmak The manager exercised authority over the project team.
• authority figure · otorite figürü Children often look up to teachers as authority figures.
• have authority over sth She has authority over all financial decisions in the company.
• grant authority to sb The board granted authority to the new committee.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2kurum, resmi kuruluş

an organization or agency that has official power or is recognized as a source of information

The education authority announced new curriculum standards.

• Travelers should check the authority's website before crossing borders.
• The authority responsible for wildlife protection released a report.
• Many students rely on the authority's publications for accurate statistics.

• the authority · resmi kurum The health authority issued new guidelines for vaccination.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

3uzman, otorite

a person or organization having extensive knowledge or expertise in a particular field

The book was praised because the author is an authority on linguistics.

• During the conference, the panel invited several authorities in climate science.
• Students often cite the authority's articles when writing research papers.
• The court relied on the medical authority's testimony to reach a verdict.
• Her reputation as an authority in bioethics grew after years of publishing.

• recognized authority · tanınmış uzman She is a recognized authority on medieval literature.
• an authority on sth He is an authority on renewable energy technologies.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

otomatikleştirmek, otomasyona geçirmek

to use technology or machines to perform a task without human intervention

The factory will automate the assembly line to increase productivity.

• By automating data collection, researchers saved several hours each week.
• Many companies automate customer support with chatbots to handle simple queries.
• The university is exploring ways to automate grading for large online courses.
• Advanced AI systems can automate complex decision-making processes in finance.

• automate a process · bir süreci otomatikleştirmek The company decided to automate the invoicing process to reduce errors.
• automate tasks · görevleri otomatikleştirmek
• automate a process We automated the whole process.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

omurga, bel kemiği, temel

the central supporting structure of an organism or a system; the main source of strength or stability

The fish's backbone protects its internal organs.

• Scientists study the backbone to understand vertebrate evolution.
• In modern societies, education is often regarded as the backbone of progress.
• The research team argued that interdisciplinary collaboration serves as the backbone of innovative breakthroughs.

• backbone of the economy · ekonominin bel kemiği Small and medium enterprises are often called the backbone of the economy.
• the backbone of sth Small businesses are the backbone of the economy.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey