ODTÜ 401 Span 2

edinmek, kazanmak

to obtain or gain something, especially knowledge, skill, or possession, through effort or purchase

The student acquired basic French vocabulary in the first semester.

• Researchers acquired valuable data from the field experiments last summer.
• The museum acquired a rare painting for its modern art collection.
• By reading widely, she acquired a nuanced understanding of literary theory.
• The startup acquired several patents to protect its innovative technology.

• acquire knowledge · bilgi edinmek She acquired extensive knowledge of molecular biology during her PhD.
• acquire skills · becerileri kazanmak The internship allowed him to acquire practical skills in data analysis.
• acquire assets · varlık edinmek The company plans to acquire new assets to expand its production capacity.
• acquire sth by doing sth She acquired fluency by practicing speaking daily.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

edinim, satın alma

the act of obtaining or gaining something, especially the purchase of a company or asset

The university's recent acquisition of a new library building impressed the faculty.

• She studied the acquisition process to understand how companies merge.
• The acquisition cost was higher than initially projected, causing budget concerns.
• During the conference, experts discussed the impact of large acquisitions on market competition.
• Regulatory authorities scrutinized the acquisition to ensure it did not create a monopoly.

• acquisition of a company · bir şirketin satın alınması
• acquisition cost · edinim maliyeti The acquisition cost of the new equipment exceeded the budget.
• strategic acquisition · stratejik edinim The firm pursued a strategic acquisition to expand its market share.
• the acquisition of sth The acquisition of advanced software tools improved productivity.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

hitap etmek, (söz) yöneltmek, (sorunu) ele almak

to direct spoken or written words to a particular person or group, or to deal with a problem or issue

The teacher addressed the class about the new schedule.

• The mayor will address the city council next week.
• Scientists must address climate change to protect future generations.
• She addressed the envelope correctly, ensuring it reached the right department.
• After the scandal, the company finally addressed the concerns of its shareholders.

• address the issue · konuyu ele almak The committee will address the issue at tomorrow's meeting.
• address the audience · seyirciye hitap etmek She addressed the audience with confidence.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

özellik, nitelik

a quality or characteristic belonging to a person, thing, or concept

The car's most praised attribute is its fuel efficiency.

• Honesty is an attribute that many employers value highly.
• One of the main attributes of the new software is its user-friendly interface.
• While the painting's aesthetic attribute captivates viewers, its historical significance is equally important.

• key attribute · temel özellik Creativity is a key attribute of successful designers.
• inherent attribute · doğuştan gelen nitelik Patience is an inherent attribute of good teachers.
• a key attribute Patience is a key attribute for teachers.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

engel, bariyer, set

a physical structure that blocks or restricts movement or passage

A fence can act as a barrier to keep pets inside the yard.

• The construction crew placed a barrier around the site for safety.
• Heavy traffic created a barrier that delayed the emergency response.
• Researchers study how the ozone layer functions as a barrier against harmful UV radiation.

• security barrier · güvenlik engeli The airport installed a new security barrier at the entrance.
• remove a barrier The government plans to remove a barrier that prevents small businesses from accessing loans.
• overcome a barrier She had to overcome a language barrier when she moved to the United States.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

uzlaşı, fikir birliği

an opinion that all or most people in a group agree with

There is a growing consensus that the law should change.

• The committee failed to reach a consensus.

1göstermek, açıklamak

to show or explain something clearly by giving examples, evidence, or a practical display

The teacher demonstrated the experiment to the class.

• He demonstrated his skill by solving the puzzle quickly.
• Scientists demonstrated that the new drug reduces symptoms significantly.
• During the workshop, the trainer demonstrated how to use the software efficiently.
• The professor demonstrated the theoretical concept with a real-world case study.

• demonstrate a technique · bir tekniği göstermek The instructor will demonstrate a technique for solving quadratic equations.
• demonstrate competence · yeterliliği göstermek She demonstrated competence in handling complex data sets during the interview.
• demonstrate how to do sth The video demonstrates how to calibrate the instrument correctly.
• demonstrate that … The results demonstrate that the hypothesis was correct.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2protesto etmek, gösteri yapmak

to take part in a public gathering to express a political or social demand or objection

Workers demonstrated outside the factory gates yesterday.

• Activists demonstrated for climate action in the city center.
• The community demonstrated against the closure of the local library.
• Hundreds demonstrated peacefully, chanting slogans for justice and equality.
• Despite heavy police presence, the demonstrators continued to demonstrate for democratic reforms.

• demonstrate for sth Students demonstrated for better campus facilities.
• demonstrate against sth Citizens demonstrated against the proposed highway expansion.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

beklenti

a belief that something will happen in the future, often based on past experience or evidence

She formed an expectation that the exam would be easy.

• His expectation of a quick response was unrealistic.
• The company's expectation for quarterly growth surprised the investors.
• Despite low expectations, the film received critical acclaim worldwide.
• The professor's high expectation of analytical writing pushed the class to improve.
• The manager communicated the expectations for the new role during onboarding.
• Parents often have high expectations for their children's academic performance.
• The project's expectations were revised after the budget cuts.
• She struggled to meet the expectations of the prestigious scholarship committee.
• Cultural differences can affect expectations in international collaborations.

• high expectation · yüksek beklenti The team performed well despite the high expectation placed on them.
• manage expectations · beklentileri yönetmek The manager tried to manage expectations before the project started.
• set expectations · beklentileri belirlemek The teacher set clear expectations for the assignment.
• realistic expectations · gerçekçi beklentiler It is important to have realistic expectations when learning a new language.
• have expectations of sth She has an expectation of fairness in the grading process.
• meet sb's expectations The results met our expectations.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

beklemek, ummak

to think or believe that something will happen or that someone will do something

I expect the meeting to start at nine o'clock.

• Parents often expect their children to behave politely.
• The scientist expects the results to confirm the hypothesis.
• Many investors expect the market to recover after the recession.
• Despite the challenges, the committee expects the project to be completed on schedule.
• The teacher expects all students to arrive on time.
• International treaties expect signatory countries to reduce emissions.
• The syllabus expects students to read each chapter before class.
• Regulatory bodies expect corporations to disclose financial risks transparently.
• The grant proposal expects the researcher to demonstrate methodological rigor.

• expect to · beklemek, ummak She expects to graduate next summer.
• expect compliance · uygunluk beklemek, uyulmasını talep etmek The regulator expects compliance with the new safety standards.
• expect a response · cevap beklemek The professor expects a response to the assignment by Friday.
• expect sb to do sth The manager expects the staff to meet the deadline.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1yatırım yapmak

to put money, time, or effort into something with the expectation of a return or benefit

She invests a small amount of money each month.

• The company invests in research to develop new products.
• Many students invest time in extracurricular activities to improve their resumes.
• Investing wisely requires understanding market trends and risk management.
• Policymakers must invest strategically in infrastructure to sustain long-term economic growth.

• invest money · para yatırmak She decided to invest money in the new startup.
• invest in sth They invested in cutting-edge technology to stay competitive.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2(zaman, emek) harcamak, ayırmak, adamak

to devote one's time, effort, or resources to a particular activity or cause

Volunteers invest their time to help the community.

• She invests a lot of effort into her research projects.
• Investing energy in learning new skills can boost your career prospects.
• When you invest yourself fully in a project, the results are often impressive.
• Academic success often depends on how much a student invests in consistent study habits.

• invest effort · çaba harcamak You need to invest effort if you want to master the language.
• invest time · zaman ayırmak He invests time in volunteering at the local shelter.
• invest sth in sth She invested her energy in preparing for the conference.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yatırım

the act of putting money, time, or effort into something with the expectation of gaining a profit or benefit

She saved enough money to make her first investment in a small startup.

• The university's investment in new laboratory equipment improved research outcomes.
• Investors often diversify their investments to reduce financial risk.
• Long-term investment strategies can yield higher returns than short-term speculation.
• Despite market volatility, his disciplined investment approach helped him achieve financial independence.
• He made a personal investment of effort to improve his coding abilities.
• The club's success is the result of members' investment of time and energy.
• A substantial investment of research was necessary to develop the new vaccine.
• Their collective investment of resources and expertise led to a breakthrough in renewable technology.

• make an investment · yatırım yapmak She decided to make an investment in renewable energy.
• investment portfolio · yatırım portföyü His investment portfolio includes stocks, bonds, and real estate.
• significant investment of time · önemli zaman harcaması Completing the thesis required a significant investment of time.
• personal investment · kişisel çaba Her personal investment in the project motivated the whole team.
• investment in sth The government's investment in infrastructure created thousands of jobs.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

etiket

a piece of paper, cloth, plastic, or other material attached to an object to give information about it

The teacher gave each student a label with their name on it.

• He stuck a label on the jar to show it contains sugar.
• The company updated the product labels to include nutritional information.

• price label · fiyat etiketi The price label on the shirt shows it costs $25.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

ikna etmek

to cause someone to do something through reasoning or argument

The teacher persuaded the class to read the article.

• She persuaded her friend to attend the workshop on time management.
• The advertisement tries to persuade consumers to buy the new product.
• Researchers persuaded the committee that their methodology was reliable and worth funding.
• Despite strong opposition, the activist group managed to persuade the city council to adopt greener policies.

• persuade the public · kamuoyunu ikna etmek The campaign aims to persuade the public to recycle more.
• persuade sb to do sth The professor tried to persuade the students to submit their essays early.
• persuade sb that … He persuaded her that the experiment would be safe.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

tam olarak, kesinlikle

exactly; accurately

The clock shows the time precisely.

• She placed the pins precisely on the board.
• The scientist recorded the data precisely to avoid errors.
• During the debate, he responded precisely to each of the opponent's arguments.
• The architect designed the building so that every angle aligns precisely with the intended geometric plan.

• precisely measured · tam ölçülmüş The chemicals were precisely measured for the experiment.
• precisely defined · tam tanımlanmış The term is precisely defined in the textbook.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1işten çıkarılmış, işsiz

describing a person who has been laid off or dismissed from a job, typically because the position is no longer needed

The sudden budget cuts made several employees redundant last month.

• After the reorganization, he found himself redundant and started looking for new work.
• The newspaper reported that dozens of redundant workers would receive severance pay.
• Management explained that the new software would make many manual positions redundant.

• made redundant · işten çıkarıldı She was made redundant after the merger reduced the need for her department.
• be made redundant Many workers were be made redundant when the factory closed.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2gereksiz, tekrarlayan, fazla

describing something that is unnecessary because it repeats what has already been said or done

The teacher removed redundant sentences to make the essay clearer.

• Engineers eliminated redundant components to improve the system's efficiency.
• During editing, she flagged the redundant paragraph for deletion.
• The legal document was revised to strip out redundant clauses that added no value.
• Critics argued that the novel's repetitive motifs were redundant and weakened the narrative.

• redundant information · gereksiz bilgi The report contained redundant information that could have been omitted.
• redundant clause · gereksiz yan cümle In academic writing, avoid redundant clauses that do not add new meaning.
• be redundant The extra copy is redundant.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

isteksiz, gönülsüz

unwilling or disinclined to do something; showing hesitation or lack of enthusiasm.

She felt reluctant to join the club because she didn't know anyone.

• The manager was reluctant to change the schedule despite employee requests.
• He gave a reluctant nod, indicating he would comply with the new rules.
• Although curious, the scientist remained reluctant to disclose the experiment's results to the public.
• The diplomat's reluctant endorsement of the treaty reflected underlying political tensions.

• reluctant to accept · kabul etmeye isteksiz She was reluctant to accept the job offer despite the high salary.
• reluctant to speak · konuşmaya isteksiz He remained reluctant to speak about the incident during the interview.
• reluctant to do sth The committee was reluctant to approve the new policy.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

isteksizlik, çekingenlik

the feeling of being unwilling or hesitant to do something

He showed reluctance when asked to lead the group.

• The committee noted her reluctance to sign the agreement.
• Despite his reluctance, he eventually agreed to the terms.
• Their collective reluctance to change hindered progress on the research.
• The professor analyzed the students' reluctance to adopt the new methodology, citing cultural factors.

• reluctance to act · hareket etme isteksizliği His reluctance to act delayed the project.
• express reluctance · isteksizliğini ifade etmek She expressed reluctance about joining the committee.
• reluctance to do sth There was a clear reluctance to accept the new policy.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

çare, tedavi, çözüm

a means of counteracting or eliminating a problem, disease, or undesirable situation; a treatment that restores health.

The doctor prescribed a simple remedy for the common cold.

• Many people consider meditation a natural remedy for anxiety.
• The government introduced a tax cut as a remedy for the slowing economy.
• Scientists are searching for a genetic remedy that could halt the disease progression.
• Legal scholars debate whether the new legislation serves as an adequate remedy for systemic injustice.

• effective remedy · etkili çare The new policy proved to be an effective remedy for the housing shortage.
• remedy for · çare Regular exercise is a proven remedy for stress.
• a remedy for sth Honey is a home remedy for colds.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kıtlık, eksiklik, yetersizlik

the state of not having enough of something that is needed or wanted

The school reported a shortage of textbooks for the new semester.

• During the pandemic, many hospitals faced a shortage of personal protective equipment.
• Economists warn that a shortage of skilled workers could slow economic growth.
• The sudden increase in demand created a shortage of raw materials for factories.
• Policy makers are debating how to address the chronic shortage of affordable housing in urban areas.

• shortage of · ... eksikliği The region is experiencing a severe shortage of clean water.
• food shortage · gıda kıtlığı A prolonged drought has led to a food shortage across the country.
• labour shortage · iş gücü eksikliği The tech industry faces a labour shortage of skilled programmers.
• a shortage of sth There is a shortage of nurses.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1yerine geçen, yedek

a person or thing that takes the place of another

The school needs a substitute because the regular teacher is sick.

• He was hired as a substitute for the lead actor during rehearsals.
• When the original ingredient was unavailable, the chef used a substitute.
• The committee appointed a substitute to represent the absent member at the meeting.
• Researchers are investigating a chemical substitute that could reduce environmental impact.

• substitute teacher · geçici öğretmen The school hired a substitute teacher for the absent professor.
• substitute player · yedek oyuncu The coach sent in a substitute player during the second half.
• act as a substitute for sb She can act as a substitute for the manager while he is on leave.
• a substitute for sth Low-fat yogurt can serve as a substitute for sour cream in recipes.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2ikame, alternatif

something used in place of another thing, especially in cooking or chemistry

The recipe calls for butter, but you can use a substitute if you prefer.

• In the lab, a safer substitute was chosen to avoid hazardous waste.
• Many diet plans recommend a low-calorie substitute for sugary drinks.
• The engineer evaluated several material substitutes before finalizing the design.
• Academic journals often discuss the environmental impact of various industrial substitutes.

• sugar substitute · şeker ikamesi Stevia is a popular sugar substitute for people with diabetes.
• chemical substitute · kimyasal ikame Researchers are looking for a safer chemical substitute for the toxic solvent.
• a substitute for sth You can use applesauce as a substitute for oil in baking.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1stok, kaynak, miktar

the amount of something that is available for use or consumption

The school library has a sufficient supply of textbooks for all students.

• During the drought, the town's water supply became critically low.
• Manufacturers rely on a reliable supply of components to meet deadlines.
• The emergency response team coordinated a rapid supply of medical equipment after the earthquake.
• Economic analysts warned that a prolonged supply shortage could trigger inflationary pressures.

• steady supply · sürekli arz The factory maintains a steady supply of raw materials.
• supply chain · tedarik zinciri Global disruptions have affected the supply chain.
• a supply of sth There is a limited supply of fresh water in the region.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2tedarik

the act of providing something that is needed or wanted

The university's research department secured a supply of high-quality data for the study.

• Local farms increased the supply of organic produce to meet consumer demand.
• The military base requires a constant supply of fuel to maintain operations.
• International aid organizations coordinated the supply of clean water to remote villages after the flood.
• Strategic planning involves forecasting future supply needs and adjusting procurement accordingly.

• supply of resources · kaynakların tedariki Effective supply of resources is essential for project success.
• supply logistics · tedarik lojistiği The company improved its supply logistics to reduce delivery times.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kendi isteğiyle, gönüllü

done, undertaken, or given of one's own free will, without external compulsion

She gave a voluntary contribution to the charity.

• The university offers voluntary workshops for extra credit.
• Many employees prefer voluntary overtime rather than mandatory shifts.
• Voluntary compliance with environmental regulations can improve a company's public image.
• Researchers examined the psychological effects of voluntary versus coerced decision-making in high-stress environments.

• voluntary donation · gönüllü bağış She made a voluntary donation to the disaster relief fund.
• voluntary action · gönüllü eylem Voluntary action is essential for community development.
• voluntary participation · gönüllü katılım The study required voluntary participation from all students.
• voluntary work She does voluntary work at the hospital.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yanlılık, sistematik hata

a systematic error that causes a result to deviate from the true value in data or measurement

The study revealed a bias in the questionnaire responses.

• Scientists must account for bias when designing experiments.
• Statistical software can help detect bias in large datasets.
• Ignoring bias in the measurement process may lead to misleading policy recommendations.
• Advanced techniques are required to adjust for bias in longitudinal research.

• bias in the data · veride yanlılık The researchers discovered a bias in the data that affected the conclusions.
• measurement bias · ölçüm yanlılığı Calibration errors can introduce measurement bias into experimental results.
• introduce bias into sth The sampling method can introduce bias into the survey results.
• correct for bias Statisticians often correct for bias when estimating population parameters.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

atfetmek, -e bağlamak, -e yormak

to regard something as being caused by or belonging to a particular person, thing, or circumstance

The teacher attributed the student's improvement to regular study habits.

• Scientists attribute the decline in bee populations to pesticide use.
• Many people attribute their happiness to strong family relationships.
• The economist attributed the recent market volatility to geopolitical tensions.
• Critics have attributed the novel's enduring popularity to its timeless themes.

• attribute success to · başarının kaynağını ... olarak atfetmek
• attribute blame to · suçu ... üzerine atfetmek She attributed the blame to the faulty equipment.
• attribute sth to Researchers often attribute the increase in temperature to greenhouse gas emissions.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

mahrum etmek, yoksun bırakmak

to deny someone the possession or use of something

The school policy may deprive students of free lunch.

• She felt that the manager's decision would deprive the team of motivation.
• International sanctions can deprive a country of essential medical supplies.
• When the river dried up, the villagers were deprived of their main source of drinking water.
• The court ruling deprived the indigenous community of their ancestral lands, sparking widespread protests.

• deprive sb of sth The government deprived the minority group of its cultural heritage.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yoksul, mahrum, yoksun

lacking basic necessities or comforts; denied of something essential

The child grew up in a deprived neighbourhood with few schools.

• Researchers studied how poverty affects children who are deprived of proper nutrition.
• The policy aims to reduce the number of families deprived of basic health services.
• Despite being deprived of resources, the community organized a successful literacy program.

• deprived area · yoksul bölge Many children grow up in deprived areas with limited educational resources.
• deprived of rights · haklarından mahrum The minority group was deprived of voting rights for decades.
• a deprived area He grew up in a deprived area.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1elemek, çıkarmak, ayıklamak

to remove or get rid of something, especially by selecting it out of a group

The teacher asked us to eliminate unnecessary words from our essays.

• She used a filter to eliminate background noise in the recording.
• The new law will eliminate many loopholes that corporations exploit.
• Researchers hope to eliminate the risk of infection by improving sterilization methods.
• By adopting renewable energy, the country can eliminate its dependence on fossil fuels.

• eliminate errors · hataları elemek The editor worked hard to eliminate errors from the manuscript.
• eliminate the need for sth Automation can eliminate the need for manual data entry.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2ortadan kaldırmak, yok etmek

to completely get rid of something so that it no longer exists or has any effect

The government announced a plan to eliminate poverty in the next decade.

• Engineers designed a system to eliminate vibrations in the bridge.
• The court ruling helped eliminate legal ambiguities surrounding the contract.
• Scientists are working to eliminate the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
• International cooperation is essential if we are to eliminate climate change impacts.

• eliminate a threat · tehdidi ortadan kaldırmak The security forces worked to eliminate the terrorist threat.
• eliminate a disease · bir hastalığı yok etmek
• eliminate sth from sth The policy seeks to eliminate bias from hiring decisions.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

karşılaşmak, rastlamak

to meet someone or something unexpectedly

I encountered my old teacher at the market yesterday.

• During the hike, we encountered a sudden rainstorm.
• The team encountered several technical issues that delayed the launch.
• She encountered resistance when proposing the new policy to the board.
• Scientists encountered unexpected data that challenged the existing theory.

• encounter a stranger · yabancı bir kişiyle karşılaşmak She encountered a stranger who offered her directions.
• encounter difficulties · zorluklarla karşılaşmak The project encountered difficulties during the testing phase.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kolaylaştırmak, kolaylaştırıcı olmak

to make a process or task easier or more likely to happen by providing assistance or removing obstacles

The new online portal will facilitate student registration this semester.

• By simplifying the form, the agency hopes to facilitate faster applications.
• The conference organizer facilitated networking by arranging small group sessions.
• Advanced analytics can facilitate more accurate forecasting for businesses.
• The government introduced subsidies to facilitate the transition to renewable energy sources.

• facilitate communication · iletişimi kolaylaştırmak The new software will facilitate communication between remote teams.
• facilitate the process · süreci kolaylaştırmak Management introduced new guidelines to facilitate the hiring process.
• facilitate trade · ticareti kolaylaştırmak The agreement aims to facilitate trade across the border.
• facilitate sth Good lighting facilitates reading.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

müdahale etmek, karışmak

to involve oneself in a situation or process without being asked, often causing disruption or alteration

The children often interfere with the teacher's lesson.

• Heavy traffic interfered with my ability to arrive on time.
• Scientists warned that the chemicals could interfere with the ecosystem.
• Political leaders should not interfere in the judicial process.
• Advanced algorithms may interfere with traditional data analysis methods, requiring new approaches.

• interfere with · karışmak, etkilemek The new law may interfere with existing privacy regulations.
• interfere in · karışmak, müdahale etmek She tried not to interfere in their personal arguments.
• interfere with sth Noise can interfere with concentration during exams.
• interfere in sth He refused to interfere in the company's internal affairs.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

görünmez

not able to be seen; not visible to the eye.

The magician made the rabbit invisible during the trick.

• Many bacteria are invisible without a microscope.
• She felt invisible in the large crowd of students.
• The policy created an invisible barrier for low-income families seeking assistance.
• Advanced imaging techniques can render previously invisible structures visible to researchers.

• invisible ink · görünmez mürekkep The spy used invisible ink to write secret messages.
• invisible hand · görünmez el Economists often refer to the invisible hand that guides market forces.
• invisible barrier · görünmez engel Language differences can become an invisible barrier in communication.
• be invisible to sb The virus was invisible to the naked eye.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1teşvik etmek, desteklemek

to actively encourage or support something or someone to develop or succeed

The teacher promotes reading by giving students interesting books.

• Local businesses promote tourism to attract more visitors each summer.
• The health department promotes vaccination to reduce disease spread.
• Universities promote interdisciplinary research to foster innovation across fields.
• International NGOs promote sustainable development to address climate change challenges.

• promote health · sağlığı teşvik etmek The government launched a campaign to promote health among citizens.
• promote equality · eşitliği desteklemek Schools should promote equality regardless of students' backgrounds.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2terfi ettirmek, yükseltmek

to advance someone to a higher position or rank within an organization

The manager promoted her assistant after the successful campaign.

• He hopes to be promoted to team leader by the end of the year.
• Companies often promote high-performing staff to retain talent.
• The university promoted the researcher to full professor after extensive publications.
• Board members debated whether to promote the candidate despite recent controversies.

• promote an employee · bir çalışanı terfi ettirmek After years of hard work, the company decided to promote an employee to manager.
• promote to senior · kıdemli pozisyona yükseltmek She was promoted to senior analyst after completing the project successfully.
• promote sb to sth The board promoted John to chief financial officer last month.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

3tanıtmak, reklamını yapmak

to publicize or market a product, service, or idea to increase its visibility or sales

The agency promotes the client's products on various platforms.

• She promotes her blog by sharing posts on Twitter daily.
• Retail stores promote seasonal sales with colorful window displays.
• The festival was promoted internationally, attracting tourists from many countries.
• Digital marketers promote content strategically to maximize audience engagement.

• promote a product · bir ürünü tanıtmak

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1ele almak, çözmek

to deal with a problem or task directly and try to solve it

The manager asked the team to tackle the overdue reports quickly.

• We need to tackle this issue before it becomes more serious.
• He tackled the assignment with great enthusiasm and finished early.
• The government must tackle rising unemployment through effective policies.
• Researchers are tackling the challenge of renewable energy storage on a global scale.

• tackle a problem · bir problemi ele almak
• tackle an issue · bir konuyu çözmek
• tackle a problem We need to tackle this problem now.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2düşürmek, topa müdahale etmek

to physically bring down an opponent, especially in sports, by grabbing or forcing them to the ground

The linebacker tackled the running back behind the line of scrimmage.

• During the match, the midfielder tackled the opponent to win back possession.
• A good rugby player knows when to tackle safely without committing a foul.

• tackle a player · bir oyuncuya müdahale etmek

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

savunmak, desteklemek

to publicly recommend or support a particular cause, policy, or course of action

The student advocates for more scholarships at the university.

• Many NGOs advocate for human rights across the globe.
• She advocates that the curriculum include more practical exercises.
• The professor advocated for a shift toward interdisciplinary research in the department.
• International bodies often advocate for sustainable development to address climate change.

• advocate for · savunmak, desteklemek She strongly advocates for environmental protection.
• advocate change · değişikliği savunmak The organization advocates change in the education system.
• advocate that … The committee advocated that the policy be revised.
• advocate for sth He advocates for equal voting rights.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1savunucu, destekçi

a person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy

The student became an advocate for campus recycling programs.

• Local residents view her as a strong advocate of public transportation.
• During the debate, he acted as an advocate for the minority viewpoint.
• Her persuasive speeches made her a respected advocate of gender equality in academia.
• International NGOs often seek seasoned advocates to lobby governments on climate policy.

• human-rights advocate · insan hakları savunucusu She has worked for years as a human-rights advocate.
• environmental advocate · çevre savunucusu The council invited an environmental advocate to the meeting.
• an advocate of sth He is an advocate of renewable energy.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2avukat, hukukçu

a professional who is qualified to represent clients in a court of law

The advocate presented new evidence during the trial.

• After graduating, she passed the bar exam and became a licensed advocate.
• The senior advocate argued the case before the Supreme Court with confidence.
• In complex corporate litigation, an experienced advocate can make a decisive difference.
• Legal scholars often analyze how advocates shape jurisprudence through persuasive oral arguments.

• court advocate · mahkeme avukatı She was hired as a court advocate for the civil case.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

isimsiz, anonim, kimliği bilinmeyen

not identified by name; lacking a known or disclosed identity

Many charities rely on anonymous donors to fund their projects.

• The researcher kept the study participants anonymous to comply with ethical standards.

• anonymous source · kimliği gizli kaynak The journalist quoted an anonymous source for the story.
• anonymous donor · isim vermeyen bağışçı The museum received a large sum from an anonymous donor.
• anonymous feedback · isimsiz geri bildirim Students were encouraged to give anonymous feedback on the course.
• remain anonymous The whistleblower chose to remain anonymous to avoid retaliation.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

anonim olarak, isimsizce, kimliğini belirtmeden

in a way that does not reveal the identity of the person performing the action

She posted the comment anonymously to avoid personal attacks.

• The donor gave a large sum anonymously, surprising the charity staff.
• In some online surveys, participants can answer anonymously, which encourages honesty.
• Journalists sometimes publish stories anonymously to protect sources from retaliation.
• The researcher argued that publishing data anonymously can preserve participant confidentiality in sensitive studies.

• post anonymously · anonim olarak gönderi yapmak She decided to post anonymously on the forum to avoid backlash.
• donate anonymously · anonim olarak bağış yapmak Many philanthropists prefer to donate anonymously.
• vote anonymously · anonim olarak oy kullanmak The election system allows citizens to vote anonymously.
• donate sth anonymously He donated the money anonymously.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yasaklamak

to officially prohibit something, especially by law or authority

The government decided to ban single-use plastic bottles next year.

• Many countries ban the import of endangered species to protect wildlife.
• The manager banned employees from accessing social media during work hours.
• Activists are campaigning to ban the sale of firearms to civilians.
• International agreements aim to ban the emission of harmful greenhouse gases.

• ban smoking · sigara içmeyi yasaklamak The city council decided to ban smoking in all public parks.
• ban the use of · kullanımını yasaklamak The university banned the use of mobile phones during exams.
• ban sb from doing sth The school banned students from bringing food into the classroom.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yasak

a formal or legal prohibition that prevents something from being done or used

The city council voted to introduce a ban on fireworks after the recent incidents.

• Many countries have a ban on importing endangered species products.
• Environmental activists argue that a ban on fossil fuel subsidies would accelerate climate action.
• Legal scholars debate whether a blanket ban on encryption undermines privacy rights.

• ban on · yasaklama The government announced a ban on single-use plastics.
• total ban · tam yasak A total ban on smoking in public places was implemented last year.
• impose a ban on sth Authorities decided to impose a ban on the sale of certain chemicals.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

belirlemek, karar vermek

to decide or settle something after consideration or investigation

The teacher will determine the final grade after the exam.

• Researchers must determine the variables before starting the experiment.
• The jury will determine the defendant's guilt based on the evidence presented.
• Engineers determined that the bridge could not support the additional load without reinforcement.
• Policy analysts determined that the proposed regulation would significantly reduce emissions over the next decade.
• The temperature will determine how quickly the ice melts.
• Your attitude can determine whether you succeed in the interview.
• The algorithm determines the best route for delivery trucks each day.
• Economic factors will determine the long-term sustainability of the program.
• Genetic variations determine an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases.

• determine the cause · nedeni belirlemek Scientists worked hard to determine the cause of the outbreak.
• determine a policy · bir politikayı belirlemek The committee will determine a new policy on data privacy next month.
• determine the outcome · sonucu belirlemek Your effort will determine the outcome of the project.
• determine the speed · hızı belirlemek The driver determined the speed of the car by checking the tachometer.
• determine whether … The study aims to determine whether the new method improves accuracy.
• be determined by sth The price was determined by market demand.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey