ODTÜ 402 Span 4

1teşvik etmek, desteklemek

to actively encourage or support something or someone to develop or succeed

The teacher promotes reading by giving students interesting books.

• Local businesses promote tourism to attract more visitors each summer.
• The health department promotes vaccination to reduce disease spread.
• Universities promote interdisciplinary research to foster innovation across fields.
• International NGOs promote sustainable development to address climate change challenges.

• promote health · sağlığı teşvik etmek The government launched a campaign to promote health among citizens.
• promote equality · eşitliği desteklemek Schools should promote equality regardless of students' backgrounds.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2terfi ettirmek, yükseltmek

to advance someone to a higher position or rank within an organization

The manager promoted her assistant after the successful campaign.

• He hopes to be promoted to team leader by the end of the year.
• Companies often promote high-performing staff to retain talent.
• The university promoted the researcher to full professor after extensive publications.
• Board members debated whether to promote the candidate despite recent controversies.

• promote an employee · bir çalışanı terfi ettirmek After years of hard work, the company decided to promote an employee to manager.
• promote to senior · kıdemli pozisyona yükseltmek She was promoted to senior analyst after completing the project successfully.
• promote sb to sth The board promoted John to chief financial officer last month.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

3tanıtmak, reklamını yapmak

to publicize or market a product, service, or idea to increase its visibility or sales

The agency promotes the client's products on various platforms.

• She promotes her blog by sharing posts on Twitter daily.
• Retail stores promote seasonal sales with colorful window displays.
• The festival was promoted internationally, attracting tourists from many countries.
• Digital marketers promote content strategically to maximize audience engagement.

• promote a product · bir ürünü tanıtmak

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1terfi, yükselme

the act of moving someone to a higher position or rank within an organization

Maria was delighted when she received a promotion at her firm.

• The promotion gave him more responsibilities and a higher salary.
• After the promotion, she had to manage a larger team of engineers.
• Many employees view promotion as a key motivator for career growth.
• The board's decision to grant a promotion reflected her consistent contributions to the project.

• receive a promotion · terfi almak She received a promotion after three years of excellent performance.
• promotion to manager · yöneticilik terfisi His promotion to manager was announced at the quarterly meeting.
• get a promotion She got a promotion last year.
• offer sb a promotion The company offered her a promotion to team leader.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2tanıtım, reklam kampanyası

activities or materials designed to increase public awareness of a product, service, or idea

The university organized a promotion to attract international students.

• A well-planned promotion can significantly increase product visibility.
• During the promotion, the brand offered discounts and free samples.
• Researchers studied the effectiveness of digital promotion strategies in online retail.
• The success of the promotion was measured by a 30% rise in website traffic and sales conversions.

• marketing promotion · pazarlama tanıtımı The company launched a marketing promotion to boost sales during the holidays.
• run a promotion The retailer decided to run a promotion on all winter coats.
• launch a promotion They launched a promotion to attract new subscribers.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

çok büyük, engin

of great size, extent, or quantity; extremely large or expansive.

The museum has a vast collection of ancient artifacts.

• Scientists discovered a vast ocean beneath the ice of Antarctica.
• The company's vast resources allow it to invest in many projects.
• Despite its vast size, the national park remains largely untouched by humans.
• Philosophers often contemplate the vast complexities of consciousness.

• vast area · geniş alan The Sahara Desert covers a vast area of North Africa.
• vast majority · büyük çoğunluk A vast majority of respondents supported the new policy.
• vast experience · kapsamlı deneyim She has a vast experience in renewable energy research.
• a vast amount of sth They spent a vast amount of money.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1serbest bırakmak, özgür kılmak

to allow someone or something to go free or to make something no longer confined

The zoo will release the rescued owl back into the forest tomorrow.

• When the dam finally opened, the floodwaters were released, reshaping the valley downstream.

• release a prisoner · bir mahkumu serbest bırakmak The government decided to release the prisoner after ten years.
• release sb/sth from sth The court will release the defendant from custody tomorrow.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2yayınlamak, piyasaya sürmek

to make a product, piece of information, or work available to the public

The research team will release their findings in a peer-reviewed journal.

• The band decided to release a new single before the album launch.
• The government plans to release the new tax guidelines next quarter.
• After months of testing, the developers finally released the app to the public.
• Critics praised how the director chose to release the documentary in a staggered format.

• release a statement · bir açıklama yayınlamak The university released a statement about the new scholarship program.
• release sth to sb The publisher will release the book to the market next spring.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

temel, vazgeçilmez

necessary to make a whole; essential for something to function properly.

A good diet is integral to maintaining health.

• Teamwork is integral to the success of any business.
• Understanding grammar is integral to learning a new language.
• Effective communication is integral to building strong relationships.
• The ethical framework is integral to the credibility of scientific research.

• integral part · bütünleyici parça Education is an integral part of personal development.
• integral role · bütünleyici rol The researcher played an integral role in the project.
• be integral to sth Mathematics is integral to modern engineering.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1nihai, en son

relating to the final or last stage of a process or series

The ultimate test of the new software will be its performance under heavy load.

• The ultimate outcome of the negotiations will affect trade policies worldwide.
• Philosophers have long debated the ultimate purpose of human existence.

• ultimate goal · nihai hedef The ultimate goal of the project is to reduce carbon emissions.
• ultimate decision · nihai karar After weeks of debate, the committee made the ultimate decision.
• the ultimate goal Our ultimate goal is peace.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2en üstün, en yüksek

being the greatest or most extreme in degree, quality, or importance

The new sports car delivers the ultimate driving experience.

• For many readers, this novel is the ultimate work of modern fiction.
• She considers her family the ultimate source of support and inspiration.
• The festival promised the ultimate celebration of cultural diversity across continents.
• Critics argue that the director's latest film represents the ultimate expression of cinematic artistry.

• ultimate luxury · en üst düzey lüks The resort offers the ultimate luxury with private villas and personal chefs.
• ultimate experience · en üst deneyim Virtual reality provides the ultimate experience for gamers.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

sonuçta, nihai olarak, nihayet

in the end; after everything has been considered or done

After many revisions, the manuscript was ultimately accepted for publication.

• The negotiations were lengthy, but they ultimately led to a peace agreement.
• Despite early setbacks, the startup ultimately secured enough funding to expand internationally.
• The complex legal argument ultimately demonstrated the necessity of reforming the current statute.
• The teacher explained the concept, and ultimately the students understood it.

• ultimately result · sonuçta ortaya çıkmak The new policy will ultimately result in higher taxes.
• ultimately decide · sonuçta karar vermek The board will ultimately decide whether to approve the project.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yenmek, mağlup etmek

to overcome or win against someone or something in a competition, conflict, or struggle

The boxer defeated his rival in the third round.

• Scientists hope to defeat the disease with a new vaccine.
• The company defeated its competitors by offering lower prices.
• Historical analysis shows how strategic alliances helped defeat the empire.

• defeat an opponent · bir rakibi yenmek
• defeat sb in sth The army defeated the rebels in a swift campaign.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

etkileşime girmek

to act upon each other; to communicate or work together with someone or something

Children interact with each other during playtime.

• The software allows users to interact with the database easily.
• Scientists study how animals interact with their habitats.
• Effective teamwork requires members to interact constructively and share feedback.
• In interdisciplinary research, scholars must interact across fields to generate innovative solutions.

• interact with · ile etkileşime girmek The students interact with the professor during the seminar.
• interact with the environment · çevreyle etkileşime girmek Plants interact with the environment to obtain nutrients.
• interact with sb/sth Researchers interact with participants to collect data.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

etkileşim

the reciprocal action or influence between two or more entities, often resulting in a change in each party

The teacher encouraged interaction among the group members during the workshop.

• Researchers measured interaction by recording the number of exchanges per minute.
• Effective interaction between doctors and patients improves treatment outcomes.
• The study highlighted how interaction between variables can produce unexpected results.
• Advanced courses often examine interaction patterns in complex adaptive systems.

• social interaction · sosyal etkileşim Social interaction is essential for developing communication skills.
• human-computer interaction · insan-bilgisayar etkileşimi Human-computer interaction studies how users engage with digital interfaces.
• interaction effect · etkileşim etkisi The researcher found a significant interaction effect between diet and exercise.
• the interaction between … and … The interaction between language and culture shapes identity.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

etkileşimli

describing something that allows two-way communication or active participation between users and a system or between people

The app provides an interactive map that shows real-time traffic conditions.

• Students prefer interactive tutorials over static textbook chapters.
• During the workshop, participants created an interactive prototype of their idea.
• Researchers evaluated how interactive features affect user engagement on social platforms.
• The conference featured an interactive panel where audience members could submit questions live.

• interactive learning · etkileşimli öğrenme The course uses interactive learning activities to keep students engaged.
• interactive website · etkileşimli web sitesi Our company launched an interactive website that lets customers customize products.
• interactive display · etkileşimli ekran The museum installed an interactive display for visitors to explore the artifacts.
• an interactive website The museum has an interactive website.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

korkutucu, zor, güçlü

causing fear, respect, or awe because of size, power, or difficulty

The mountain looked formidable, but the climbers were determined.

• His reputation as a formidable scholar spread across the university.
• The company faced a formidable obstacle when the market crashed unexpectedly.
• Despite the formidable odds, the team managed to finish the project on time.
• The legal precedent set a formidable barrier for future environmental lawsuits.

• formidable opponent · korkutucu rakip She faced a formidable opponent in the championship final.
• formidable challenge · korkutucu zorluk The researchers tackled a formidable challenge in developing the vaccine.
• a formidable opponent She is a formidable opponent.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1üstün, daha yüksek kalitede

of higher quality, rank, or status compared to others; better or more excellent

The professor praised the student's superior analytical skills during the seminar.

• Our company aims to provide superior service to all customers.
• Researchers found that the new material has superior durability under extreme conditions.
• The team's superior strategy secured a decisive victory in the championship match.
• Critics argue that the novel's superior narrative structure sets it apart from contemporary works.

• superior performance · üstün performans The new algorithm showed superior performance in processing large data sets.
• superior quality · üstün kalite Consumers prefer products with superior quality even if they cost more.
• superior results · üstün sonuçlar The experiment yielded superior results compared to previous trials.
• be superior to sth This model is superior to the older version in terms of speed.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2kibirli, kendini beğenmiş

having an overbearing sense of one's own importance; behaving as if one is better than others

The manager's superior tone annoyed the staff during the meeting.

• She acted superior when she received the award, ignoring her teammates.
• His superior demeanor often alienated new members of the group.
• Even though he is talented, his superior manner can be off-putting to collaborators.
• Critics argue that the author's superior attitude undermines the credibility of his arguments.

• superior attitude · kibirli tutum His superior attitude made it hard for colleagues to work with him.
• feel superior · üstün hissetmek She feels superior to everyone because of her elite education.
• feel superior to sb He feels superior to everyone else.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1kâr elde etmek

to make a financial gain; to earn more than the cost

The shop profited from the holiday discount campaign.

• Investors profit when stock prices rise over time.
• Small firms often profit from niche markets that larger companies ignore.
• The university profited from licensing its patented technology to industry partners.
• Analysts predict that renewable energy firms will profit significantly in the next decade.

• profit from sales · satışlardan kâr elde etmek They expect to profit from sales of the new smartphone.
• profit from sth The startup profited from its innovative app.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2(from/by ile) yararlanmak, kazanç sağlamak, faydalanmak

to obtain advantage or benefit from something

Students profit from regular study habits.

• The team profited from the coach's advice during practice.
• Local businesses profit from increased tourism during summer.
• Researchers profited from the collaboration with international labs.
• Societies can profit from embracing sustainable technologies.

• profit from · bir şeyden yararlanmak She profited from the extra tutoring sessions.
• profit greatly · büyük ölçüde faydalanmak The community profited greatly from the new park.
• profit from sth Students profit from active participation in class.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kâr, elde edilen kazanç

the financial gain obtained from a business activity or investment after all expenses have been deducted.

The small shop earned a modest profit in its first year.

• After the merger, the corporation reported a higher profit than expected.
• Analysts warned that rising expenses could reduce the profit next quarter.
• Strategic pricing and efficient production allowed the firm to maximize profit in a competitive market.

• make a profit · kâr elde etmek The company managed to make a profit despite the tough market conditions.
• profit margin · kâr marjı Increasing the profit margin is a key goal for the new fiscal year.
• net profit · net kâr After taxes, the net profit rose by 12 percent.
• make a profit The company made a profit last year.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kârlı, getirisi yüksek

producing financial gain or benefit; yielding profit.

The shop sold enough items to become profitable within the first month.

• Many farmers find organic produce more profitable than conventional crops.
• The company's shift to digital services has turned a previously loss-making division into a profitable one.
• Analysts predict that the merger will create a more profitable enterprise capable of competing globally.
• Despite economic downturns, the firm managed to maintain a consistently profitable operation through strategic cost reductions.

• profitable venture · kârlı girişim The startup launched a profitable venture in renewable energy.
• profitable market · kârlı pazar Companies are seeking a profitable market for their new product.
• a profitable business They run a profitable business.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

üzerinden, aracılığıyla, vasıtasıyla

by way of; through a route, medium, or means of communication

The tourists arrived in the city via bus.

• He sent the invitation via text message.
• Researchers accessed the data set via a secure server.
• The company expanded its market reach via online platforms.
• Scientists discovered the new particle via high-energy collisions.

• travel via train · trenle seyahat etmek We will travel via train to the capital tomorrow.
• send the file via email · dosyayı e-posta yoluyla göndermek
• access the database via API · API aracılığıyla veritabanına erişmek Developers can access the database via the public API.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

görev, macera, arayış

a long or arduous search for something, often involving a journey or series of challenges

The archaeologists began a quest to uncover the ancient city.

• His quest for a scholarship kept him studying late every night.
• The team's quest to develop a sustainable energy solution attracted international attention.
• Despite numerous setbacks, the researchers continued their quest to cure the rare disease.

• quest for knowledge · bilgi arayışı Scientists embarked on a quest for knowledge about the origins of the universe.
• heroic quest · kahramanca macera The novel describes a heroic quest to rescue the lost kingdom.
• a quest for sth his lifelong quest for knowledge
• go on a quest They went on a quest to document endangered species across the continent.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

şaşkın, kafası karışmış

feeling confused and unable to think clearly because of something unexpected or puzzling

He looked bewildered after the teacher announced the surprise quiz.

• The tourists felt bewildered by the maze of narrow streets in the old town.
• She was bewildered by the contradictory advice she received from her professors.
• The committee members appeared bewildered when the data presented did not match the hypothesis.
• Despite thorough preparation, the researcher remained bewildered by the unexpected experimental results.

• bewildered expression · şaşkın ifade She wore a bewildered expression after hearing the sudden news.
• bewildered look · şaşkın bakış His bewildered look showed he did not understand the instructions.
• be bewildered by sth The students were bewildered by the complex exam questions.
• feel bewildered She felt bewildered when the schedule changed at the last minute.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

uzatmak, uzun süreli hâle getirmek

to cause something to continue for a longer period of time

The teacher decided to prolong the class to finish the experiment.

• Heavy traffic can prolong your commute during rush hour.
• Researchers are studying ways to prolong the shelf life of fresh produce.
• Legislators debated how to prolong the funding period without increasing taxes.

• prolong the meeting · toplantıyı uzatmak The committee decided to prolong the meeting by thirty minutes.
• prolong the pain · acı çekmeyi uzatmak Improper treatment can prolong the pain for weeks.
• prolong life · yaşam süresini uzatmak Regular exercise may help to prolong life.
• prolong sth by sth The new policy will prolong the deadline by two weeks.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1zorluk, güçlük

a task or situation that requires great effort or skill to overcome

She saw the mountain climb as a personal challenge.

• The company identified a financial challenge in the upcoming quarter.
• Students often view exams as a stressful challenge.
• Researchers must address the methodological challenge of bias in data collection.
• International negotiations face the challenge of reconciling conflicting interests.

• face a challenge · bir zorlukla karşılaşmak She had to face a major challenge after moving to a new country.
• overcome a challenge · bir zorluğu aşmak The team worked together to overcome the technical challenge.
• rise to the challenge She rose to the challenge.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2meydan okuma, davet

an invitation to compete or prove one's abilities in a contest or debate

The debate club issued a challenge to the opposing team.

• The professor's lecture ended with a challenge to think critically about ethics.

• accept the challenge · meydan okumayı kabul etmek He accepted the challenge to run a marathon in under three hours.
• accept a challenge He accepted the challenge.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

aşmak, geçmek

to go beyond a limit or standard

The temperature exceeded thirty degrees yesterday.

• Our sales this quarter exceeded the forecast by ten percent.
• The researcher argued that the data exceeded the reliability threshold required for publication.
• Despite stringent regulations, the company's emissions exceeded the permissible levels, prompting an international investigation.

• exceed the limit · sınırı aşmak The driver exceeded the speed limit and received a fine.
• exceed expectations · beklentileri aşmak Her presentation exceeded expectations and impressed the committee.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

fazla, aşırılık

the state of having more of something than is necessary or desirable

The recipe calls for a small amount of sugar, not excess.

• His excess of confidence made him ignore the warning signs.
• Despite the project's budget constraints, the team incurred excess costs due to unforeseen delays.
• Scholars argue that the excess of information in the digital age challenges traditional notions of knowledge acquisition.

• excess weight · aşırı kilo She was advised to lose excess weight before the surgery.
• excess baggage · fazla bagaj The airline charged a fee for excess baggage.
• in excess of The company spent in excess of $2 million on advertising last year.
• an excess of sth There was an excess of volunteers for the event.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1basmak, para basmak

to produce metal money by stamping a design onto it

The mint will coin a limited edition of silver dollars.

• Collectors love it when a country coins rare commemorative coins.

• coin money · para basmak The government plans to coin new money next year.
• coin a medal · madalya basmak The Olympic committee will coin a special medal for the event.
• coin a phrase He coined the phrase "digital detox".

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2(sözcük) türetmek, ortaya atmak, yaratmak

to invent or create a new word, phrase, or expression

The linguist coined a word to fill a gap in the language.

• During the debate, she coined a phrase that captured the audience's attention.
• Authors often coin terms to give their fictional worlds a unique flavor.
• In the field of technology, engineers regularly coin acronyms for complex systems.
• The cultural impact of a coined expression can be measured by its adoption across media platforms.

• coin a term · yeni bir terim yaratmak
• coin a phrase · yeni bir deyim uydurmak The journalist coined a catchy phrase that went viral.
• coin a term He coined the term in 1950.
• to coin a phrase To coin a phrase, time is money.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1sürdürülebilir

capable of being maintained at a certain level or rate without depleting resources or causing long-term damage.

The city council adopted a sustainable waste-management plan last year.

• Renewable energy sources are essential for a sustainable future.
• Farmers are experimenting with sustainable irrigation techniques to conserve water.
• The company's sustainable business model attracted many environmentally conscious investors.
• Policymakers must consider social equity when designing sustainable urban infrastructure.

• sustainable development · sürdürülebilir kalkınma The United Nations promotes sustainable development to protect future generations.
• sustainable growth · sürdürülebilir büyüme Investors are looking for companies that can achieve sustainable growth over the long term.
• make sth sustainable Researchers are trying to make agriculture more sustainable by reducing water usage.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2çevreye duyarlı, ekolojik

relating to methods or practices that do not harm the environment and preserve natural resources.

He bought a sustainable water bottle instead of using disposable plastic ones.

• The community garden promotes sustainable food production for local residents.
• Choosing a sustainable travel option can reduce your carbon footprint.
• Students discussed the benefits of sustainable architecture in their design studio.
• Governments are incentivizing sustainable energy projects to meet climate goals.

• sustainable lifestyle · çevreye duyarlı yaşam tarzı Many young people are adopting a sustainable lifestyle by reducing plastic waste.
• sustainable fashion · çevreye duyarlı moda Sustainable fashion brands use organic cotton and recycled materials.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

sürdürülemez

not able to be maintained at the current rate or level without causing severe problems

The town's water supply is unsustainable during the dry season.

• Many students find the workload unsustainable without proper time management.
• Unsustainable fishing practices threaten marine ecosystems worldwide.
• The government's fiscal policy has become increasingly unsustainable, raising concerns among economists.
• Researchers warn that the planet's climate trajectory is unsustainable unless immediate action is taken.

• unsustainable growth · sürdürülemez büyüme The company's unsustainable growth led to a financial crisis.
• unsustainable practices · sürdürülemez uygulamalar Unsustainable practices in agriculture are depleting soil nutrients.
• remain unsustainable If emissions are not reduced, the climate situation will remain unsustainable.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

refah, bolluk, gelişme

the state of being successful or thriving, especially in economic or social terms

The government introduced tax cuts to boost national prosperity.

• During the 1990s, many families enjoyed unprecedented prosperity in the city.
• Researchers study how education contributes to long-term prosperity.
• Despite the recession, some sectors maintained modest prosperity through innovation.
• The report argues that environmental sustainability is essential for lasting prosperity.

• economic prosperity · ekonomik refah The country's economic prosperity grew after the new trade agreements were signed.
• prosperity and stability · refah ve istikrar Investors look for markets that promise prosperity and stability.
• the prosperity of sth The prosperity of the region depends on sustainable agriculture.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

zengin, başarılı, refah içinde

successful and wealthy, especially in terms of finances or overall well-being

The small town became prosperous after the new factory opened.

• Her prosperous career in finance allowed her to travel the world.
• Investors are attracted to prosperous markets with stable growth rates.
• Despite challenges, the region remained prosperous due to diversified industries.
• Scholars argue that equitable education systems are essential for a prosperous society.

• prosperous economy · refah içinde bir ekonomi The country enjoys a prosperous economy thanks to its tech sector.
• prosperous business · başarılı bir işletme She runs a prosperous business that employs over fifty people.
• prosperous community · refah içinde bir topluluk Investments in education have created a prosperous community.
• a prosperous country It is a small but prosperous country.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

gelişmek, refah içinde yaşamak

to succeed or flourish, especially financially or materially

The new policies helped the local businesses prosper quickly.

• Many startups struggle at first, but those with strong leadership can prosper.
• After years of hardship, the community finally began to prosper.
• Investors are eager to see which sectors will prosper in the coming decade.
• Scholars argue that sustainable practices are essential for societies to prosper long-term.

• prosper economically · ekonomik olarak gelişmek The region began to prosper economically after the new trade agreement.
• prosper in a competitive market · rekabetçi bir piyasada gelişmek Only innovative firms can prosper in a competitive market.
• prosper from sth She prospered from her investments in renewable energy.
• prosper despite sth The small town prospered despite the economic downturn.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

azalma, tükenme

the reduction or exhaustion of a resource or supply

The drought caused a noticeable depletion of water in the reservoir.

• Scientists warn that deforestation accelerates the depletion of natural habitats.
• Economic analysts attribute the country's trade deficit to the depletion of foreign exchange reserves.
• The study highlights how unsustainable mining practices result in long-term depletion of mineral resources.
• Addressing climate change requires policies that prevent further depletion of the planet's carbon sinks.

• resource depletion · kaynak tükenmesi The rapid resource depletion threatens future generations.
• soil depletion · toprak tükenmesi Intensive farming has caused severe soil depletion in the region.
• depletion of reserves · rezervlerin tükenmesi The depletion of oil reserves forces countries to seek alternative energy.
• lead to the depletion of sth Overfishing can lead to depletion of marine fish stocks.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

azaltmak, tüketmek

to use up or reduce the amount of something, especially a resource or supply

The factory depletes the river's water each day.

• Overfishing has depleted the fish stocks in the lake.
• Excessive spending can deplete a family's savings quickly.
• The prolonged conflict depleted the nation's economic resources.
• Advanced algorithms may deplete computational power if not optimized.

• deplete resources · kaynakları tüketmek The mining operation will deplete local water resources.
• deplete reserves · rezervleri azaltmak Heavy usage can quickly deplete the battery reserves.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1neden olmak, yol açmak, tetiklemek

to cause something to happen or to bring about a particular state or condition

The loud noise can induce a startle response in animals.

• High temperatures often induce sweating in humans.
• The therapist used music to induce relaxation during the session.
• Researchers induced a mild fever in volunteers to test the vaccine's effectiveness.
• The policy changes may induce significant shifts in market behavior over the next decade.

• induce a reaction · reaksiyona neden olmak The chemical will induce a reaction when mixed with water.
• induce labor · doğumu başlatmak Doctors may induce labor to ensure a safe delivery.
• induce sb to do sth The advertisement tried to induce consumers to buy the new product.
• induce sth in sb The study induced anxiety in participants to measure stress responses.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2ikna etmek

to persuade someone to do something or to adopt a particular belief or course of action

The advertisement attempted to induce viewers to purchase the product.

• Scientists hope to induce public support for renewable energy projects.
• The charismatic leader managed to induce his followers to trust his vision.
• Negotiators tried to induce the opposing side to accept the compromise proposal.
• Effective storytelling can induce audiences to empathize with characters from diverse backgrounds.

• induce confidence · güveni artırmak The coach's speech was designed to induce confidence in the team.
• induce compliance · uyumu sağlamak Regulators aim to induce compliance with safety standards.
• induce sb to do sth The teacher tried to induce students to participate more actively in class.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1uğraş, meşgale, hobi

an activity that someone engages in regularly for enjoyment or personal development

She took up painting as a new pursuit during the summer.

• His main pursuit is learning foreign languages.
• Many students view research as a serious academic pursuit.

2takip, kovalamaca, iz sürme

the act of following or chasing someone or something in order to catch or observe them

The dog began its pursuit of the thrown ball.

• A sudden pursuit erupted after the robbery was reported.
• During the chase, the driver attempted to evade the police pursuit by taking side streets.
• International agencies coordinated a joint pursuit of cybercriminals targeting financial institutions.

• police pursuit · polis kovalamacası The police pursuit ended when the suspect abandoned his vehicle.
• high-speed pursuit · yüksek hızlı kovalamaca A high-speed pursuit through the city caused several traffic jams.
• in pursuit of sth The detective was in pursuit of the missing evidence.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1tek kullanımlık

designed to be used once and then thrown away

I bought a disposable cup for the office coffee break.

• The hotel supplies disposable toothbrushes for guests.
• During the hike we packed disposable plates to keep the campsite clean.
• Environmental groups criticize the widespread use of disposable plastics.
• Manufacturers are developing biodegradable alternatives to traditional disposable products.

• disposable cup · tek kullanımlık bardak She poured coffee into a disposable cup during the meeting.
• disposable razor · tek kullanımlık tıraş bıçağı Travelers often buy disposable razors for convenience.
• disposable diaper · tek kullanımlık bebek bezi The hospital provides disposable diapers for newborns.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2harcanabilir

referring to income that remains after taxes and necessary expenses and can be spent freely

After paying rent, they calculated their disposable income for the month.

• The report shows that disposable earnings rose by five percent last year.
• Students with scholarships often have limited disposable income for leisure.
• Economists use disposable income to assess consumer spending power.
• Policy changes that lower taxes can boost households' disposable income significantly.

• disposable income · harcanabilir gelir Their disposable income increased after the tax cut.
• disposable earnings · harcanabilir kazanç Students often rely on part-time jobs for disposable earnings.
• disposable income Families have less disposable income this year.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1(of ile) kurtulmak, atmak

to get rid of something; to throw away or discard it

He decided to dispose of the broken chair after the semester.

• The city council plans to dispose of hazardous chemicals safely.
• You should dispose of expired medicines at the pharmacy drop-off point.
• Environmental regulations force companies to dispose of industrial waste properly.
• Researchers developed a new method to dispose of plastic without harming marine life.

• dispose of waste · atığı atmak The factory must dispose of its waste responsibly.
• dispose of garbage · çöp atmak Residents are required to dispose of garbage in the designated bins.
• dispose of sth She disposed of the old magazines yesterday.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2düzenlemek, yerleştirmek

to arrange or place something in a particular order or position

The curator disposed the paintings on the gallery walls.

• Before the meeting, the assistant disposed the documents on the table.
• Scientists disposed the lab instruments to optimize the workflow.
• The event planner disposed the tables and chairs to maximize attendee comfort.
• In the research lab, the team disposed the sensitive equipment following strict safety protocols.

• dispose the equipment · ekipmanı yerleştirmek The technician will dispose the equipment before the experiment starts.
• dispose the chairs · sandalyaları düzenlemek Staff members disposed the chairs in rows for the graduation ceremony.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

atmak, elden çıkarmak

to throw away or get rid of something that is no longer wanted or useful

She discarded the torn notebook after the semester ended.

• The manager told the team to discard any irrelevant data before analysis.
• After the storm, many residents had to discard damaged furniture from their homes.
• Researchers discard hypotheses that are not supported by experimental results.
• In the recycling program, citizens are encouraged to discard plastics in the appropriate bins.

• discard the old · eskiyi atmak She decided to discard the old files from her computer.
• discard waste · atık atmak The factory must discard waste according to environmental regulations.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

gelişmek, evrimleşmek

to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form

Our company's marketing strategy evolved to include social media platforms.

• Scientists study how viruses evolve to become more resistant to treatments.
• Over centuries, the legal system has evolved to protect individual rights more effectively.
• Artificial intelligence continues to evolve, offering new possibilities for data analysis.

• evolve into · şekillenerek ... haline gelmek The small startup evolved into a multinational corporation.
• evolve over time · zaman içinde gelişmek Languages evolve over time as societies change.
• evolve from sth The species evolved from a common ancestor.
• evolve into sth The project evolved into a full-scale research program.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

evrim

the process by which different kinds of living organisms develop and diversify from earlier forms during the history of the earth

Scientists study evolution to understand how life changes over time.

• The fossil record provides evidence of evolution across millions of years.
• Genetic mutations are one of the mechanisms that drive evolution in populations.
• Climate change can accelerate evolution by creating new survival challenges for organisms.
• Philosophers often debate the implications of evolution for concepts of humanity and purpose.

• the theory of evolution · evrim teorisi
• evolutionary process · evrimsel süreç Natural selection is a key part of the evolutionary process.
• rapid evolution · hızlı evrim Bacterial resistance shows rapid evolution under antibiotic pressure.
• the theory of evolution Darwin developed the theory of evolution.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

istila etmek, zorla girmek

to enter a place, country, or area by force, especially in order to occupy it or cause damage

The troops moved quickly to invade the border town.

• Scientists warned that the invasive species could invade local ecosystems.
• Historical records show how empires repeatedly invaded each other's territories over centuries.
• The cyber-attack was designed to invade the network and extract confidential data.

• invade a country · bir ülkeyi işgal etmek The army decided to invade the neighboring country at dawn.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

sürdürülebilirlik

the ability to maintain or continue a process, system, or state over time without depleting resources

The school introduced recycling bins to teach sustainability to students.

• Many businesses now report on their sustainability efforts each year.
• Researchers study sustainability to find ways to preserve natural resources.
• The conference highlighted the challenges of achieving global sustainability in the face of climate change.
• Policymakers must balance economic growth with environmental sustainability to meet long-term societal goals.

• environmental sustainability · çevresel sürdürülebilirlik The company adopted policies to improve environmental sustainability.
• economic sustainability · ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik Investors are concerned with the economic sustainability of the startup.
• ensure the sustainability of sth The board worked hard to ensure the sustainability of the research program.
• promote sustainability in sth The NGO aims to promote sustainability in urban planning.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey