ODTÜ 502 Span 3

sanal, bilgisayar ortamında var olan

existing in a computer-generated environment rather than in physical reality

The museum provides a virtual tour for visitors who cannot travel.

• Students can attend the lecture in a virtual classroom from home.
• Researchers used a virtual model to simulate climate change effects.
• The company launched a virtual assistant to help customers with inquiries.
• Advancements in graphics have made virtual environments almost indistinguishable from reality.

• virtual reality · sanal gerçeklik She explored the ancient city through virtual reality.
• virtual machine · sanal makine The server runs several virtual machines for different applications.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

gerçeklik, var olan durum

the state of things as they actually exist, rather than as they may appear or be imagined

The reality of the situation became clear after the meeting.

• Many students struggle to accept the reality of their grades.
• Scientists study the reality of climate change through extensive data analysis.
• Philosophers have long debated whether reality is independent of human perception.
• The novel challenges readers to distinguish between imagined worlds and the harsh reality of war.

• in reality · gerçekte In reality, the experiment took much longer than expected.
• the reality of sth The reality of poverty is evident in many urban neighborhoods.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

üretmek, yaratmak

to cause something to come into existence; to produce or bring about

The wind turbines generate electricity for the nearby town.

• Scientists hope the experiment will generate useful data.
• The marketing campaign generated a lot of interest among customers.
• His curiosity generated a series of insightful questions during the lecture.
• The policy changes could generate unforeseen consequences for the economy.

• generate electricity · elektrik üretmek The dam generates electricity for the whole region.
• generate revenue · gelir elde etmek The new product line is expected to generate significant revenue.
• be generated by sth The noise is generated by the air conditioning system.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

rahatsızlık, sıkıntı, güçlük

a situation or condition that causes difficulty, trouble, or annoyance

The broken elevator was a minor inconvenience for the office staff.

• She apologized for the inconvenience caused by the late delivery.
• Travelers often experience inconvenience when flights are cancelled unexpectedly.
• The university's new registration system created significant inconvenience for students during enrollment.
• Despite the inconvenience of a long commute, many professionals choose to live in the suburbs for a quieter lifestyle.

• cause inconvenience · rahatsızlık yaratmak The construction work will cause inconvenience for nearby residents.
• cause inconvenience to sb The new policy is an inconvenience to small businesses.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kullanışlı, elverişli

suitable for use because it is easy to reach, use, or access

The grocery store is convenient for people living in the neighborhood.

• She chose a convenient seat near the front of the lecture hall.
• Using a calendar app makes planning your day more convenient.
• The university provides a convenient online portal for submitting assignments.
• Despite the heavy traffic, the subway system remains a convenient alternative for commuters.

• convenient location · elverişli konum The hotel has a convenient location near the airport.
• convenient time · uygun zaman Can we schedule the meeting at a convenient time for everyone?
• be convenient for sb The new software is convenient for students who need quick access to resources.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

elverişsiz, rahatsız edici

causing difficulty or discomfort; not suitable or practical for a particular purpose.

The broken elevator makes the building inconvenient for wheelchair users.

• She considered the long commute inconvenient but accepted the job offer.
• Because the software update required a restart, it was inconvenient during the presentation.
• The lack of parking spaces in the city center is increasingly inconvenient for residents.
• While the schedule change was inconvenient, it ultimately improved overall efficiency.

• inconvenient timing · uygunsuz zamanlama The meeting was scheduled at an inconvenient timing for most participants.
• inconvenient location · elverişsiz konum The office is in an inconvenient location, far from public transport.
• find sth inconvenient Many students find the early class start time inconvenient.
• be inconvenient for sth The new policy is inconvenient for small businesses.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

elverişli bir şekilde, uygun olarak

in a manner that is suitable, advantageous, or easy to use

She kept her keys conveniently on the kitchen counter.

• The app lets you order food conveniently from your phone.
• Our office is conveniently situated near public transportation hubs.
• The professor arranged the lecture notes conveniently so that students could review them before the exam.
• By integrating the new software platform, the research team was able to access data conveniently across multiple international databases, enhancing collaborative efficiency.

• conveniently located · elverişli bir konumda The hotel is conveniently located near the airport.
• conveniently timed · uygun bir zamanlamayla The meeting was conveniently timed after lunch.
• conveniently placed · elverişli bir şekilde yerleştirilmiş The fire extinguisher is conveniently placed in the hallway.
• be conveniently located The hotel is conveniently located near the station.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

üstesinden gelmek, aşmak

to successfully deal with or gain control over something difficult

She overcame the language barrier quickly.

• The scientists overcame many setbacks during the experiment.
• He had to overcome his doubts before applying for the scholarship.
• Despite the harsh climate, the explorers overcame numerous hardships to reach the summit.
• By employing innovative strategies, the organization overcame systemic inefficiencies that had plagued it for years.

• overcome obstacles · engel aşmak She managed to overcome obstacles during her research.
• overcome difficulties · zorlukları aşmak The team overcame difficulties to finish the project on time.
• overcome fear · korkunun üstesinden gelmek He had to overcome fear before giving the presentation.
• overcome a problem She overcame many problems to succeed.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1uzaktan

in a way that is far away from a place, person, or object

She joined the meeting remotely using a video-call link.

• The research team collected data remotely with satellite sensors.
• Many companies now allow employees to work remotely on a regular basis.
• The telescope can be operated remotely from a control center thousands of miles away.

• remotely controlled · uzaktan kontrol edilen The drone is remotely controlled by a ground operator.
• remotely accessed · uzaktan erişilen
• work remotely She works remotely from home.
• operate remotely The system can operate remotely via a secure internet connection.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2çok az, en ufak ölçüde, (olumsuz cümlede) hiç

to a very small extent; not directly or significantly

The new regulation will only remotely affect small businesses.

• His comment was remotely relevant to the topic under discussion.
• The hypothesis is remotely plausible, but further evidence is required.
• Even though the data set is large, the outlier is only remotely connected to the main trend.

• remotely related · az da olsa ilgili The two theories are only remotely related.
• not remotely interested in sth I'm not remotely interested in football.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1uzak, ücra, ıssız

situated far away in space or time; not close to other objects or people

The hikers spent the night in a remote campsite far from civilization.

• A remote island in the Pacific hosts a unique ecosystem.
• The documentary focused on life in remote communities with limited infrastructure.
• She felt isolated living in a remote part of the country with few neighbors.
• Policy makers must consider the needs of remote populations when allocating resources.

• remote village · uzak köy The remote village was only reachable by a narrow mountain road.
• remote region · uzak bölge Scientists are studying climate change effects in remote regions of the Arctic.
• in a remote area The research station is located in a remote area of the desert.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2uzaktan, uzaktan yapılan, uzaktan erişimli

situated or operating at a distance from a central location, often via electronic means

Remote learning became common during the pandemic.

• The remote access protocol ensures secure connections for international collaborators.

• remote work · uzaktan çalışma Many companies now offer remote work options for their employees.
• remote control · uzaktan kumanda She changed the TV channel using the remote control.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

3az, zayıf, uzak

unlikely to happen; having a very small chance of occurring

The committee acknowledged a remote chance that the data could be corrupted.

• Despite a remote possibility of rain, the outdoor ceremony proceeded as planned.
• Researchers must account for remote risks when designing safety protocols.
• The model predicts a remote likelihood of a major economic downturn within the next decade.
• Even a remote probability of error can undermine confidence in high-stakes scientific findings.

• remote possibility · çok düşük ihtimal There is a remote possibility that the experiment will yield unexpected results.
• a remote chance Even a remote chance of failure was unacceptable for the mission.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

mümkün kılmak, sağlamak

to give someone the means or ability to do something

The new feature enables faster data entry for staff.

• Our training program enables employees to improve their skills.
• By lowering interest rates, the government hopes to enable more home purchases.
• The breakthrough in battery technology will enable electric cars to travel longer distances without recharging.
• Researchers aim to enable autonomous drones to navigate complex urban environments safely.

• enable access · erişimi mümkün kılmak The new password policy will enable access to the secure server.
• enable sb to do sth The scholarship enabled her to study abroad.
• enable sth to do sth The software enables the computer to run multiple applications simultaneously.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

gelecek vaat eden, umut verici

showing signs of future success or a positive outcome; likely to develop favorably

The young scientist presented a promising idea during the conference.

• Investors were excited about the startup's promising technology.
• Her promising performance earned her a place in the advanced program.
• Despite early setbacks, the project remains promising for the next phase of development.
• Critics argue that the promising preliminary findings must be validated by larger, longitudinal studies.

• promising career · gelecek vaat eden kariyer She has a promising career in biomedical research.
• promising results · umut verici sonuçlar The experiment yielded promising results for the new drug.
• promising candidate · gelecek vaat eden aday He is considered a promising candidate for the scholarship.
• a promising young player He is a promising young player.
• a promising start The team made a promising start.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

tıkamak, tıkanmak, tıkışmak

to cause something to become overcrowded or blocked, preventing free flow

Heavy traffic congests the city centre every evening.

• Heavy rain often congests the drainage system in old towns.
• Doctors warn that cholesterol can congest the arteries and cause heart disease.
• During the festival, the downtown streets congested with pedestrians and vehicles, slowing emergency response times.
• The rapid expansion of data centers without proper bandwidth planning may congest the global internet infrastructure, affecting international communications.

• congest the arteries · arterleri tıkamak A high-fat diet can congest the arteries over time.
• congest traffic · trafik sıkışıklığına neden olmak Road construction will congest traffic during rush hour.
• congest the network · ağı tıkamak Too many users trying to stream at once can congest the network.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1trafik sıkışıklığı, yoğunluk

the state of being overcrowded, especially with vehicles on a road, causing slow movement or a standstill

The morning commute was delayed because of congestion on the bridge.

• City planners are looking for ways to ease congestion during peak hours.
• Heavy congestion forced many drivers to seek alternative routes across town.
• The study links high congestion levels to increased air pollution in metropolitan areas.
• Advanced traffic-management systems can predict and mitigate congestion before it becomes severe.

• heavy congestion · yoğun trafik sıkışıklığı The city experienced heavy congestion during rush hour.
• traffic congestion · trafik sıkışıklığı Traffic congestion on the highway caused a two-hour delay.
• cause congestion Construction work can cause congestion on the main road.
• reduce congestion Implementing car-pool lanes helps reduce congestion in urban areas.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2burun tıkanıklığı, akciğerlerde sıvı birikimi

the accumulation of fluid or mucus in the nasal passages or lungs, leading to difficulty breathing

During the cold season, many people experience nasal congestion.

• The doctor prescribed medication to treat the patient's congestion.
• Allergies can cause persistent congestion that interferes with sleep.
• Researchers are studying how environmental pollutants exacerbate chronic congestion in urban populations.
• Advanced imaging techniques allow clinicians to differentiate between congestive heart failure and pulmonary congestion.

• nasal congestion · burun tıkanıklığı She took a decongestant to relieve her nasal congestion.
• chronic congestion · kronik tıkanıklık Patients with chronic congestion often need specialist treatment.
• nasal congestion He suffers from nasal congestion.
• relieve congestion Steam inhalation can help relieve congestion in the upper respiratory tract.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1bunaltmak, boğmak, alt etmek

to cause someone to feel great stress or to be unable to cope with something

The deadline overwhelmed the interns, causing many mistakes.

• She felt overwhelmed by the number of applications for the scholarship.
• The professor's detailed feedback overwhelmed the students, prompting many questions.
• Despite the challenges, the research team managed to avoid being overwhelmed by the data complexity.

• overwhelm with work · işle boğmak The new project will overwhelm the team with work if no extra help is provided.
• overwhelm emotionally · duygusal olarak boğmak She was overwhelmed emotionally by the sudden news of her promotion.
• be overwhelmed by sth He was overwhelmed by the amount of data he had to analyze.
• overwhelm sb with sth The charity overwhelmed the victims with food and clothing.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2büyük bir güçle yenmek, ezmek

to defeat or overpower completely, leaving little or no chance of resistance

The hurricane overwhelmed the coastal villages, destroying homes.

• The sudden influx of refugees overwhelmed the border facilities.
• Economic sanctions can overwhelm a country's financial system if not carefully managed.

• overwhelm the opposition · muhalefeti ezmek The army's superior tactics overwhelmed the opposition in just two days.
• overwhelm the market · pazarı domine etmek The new smartphone model overwhelmed the market, outselling all competitors.
• overwhelm the defense The attackers overwhelmed the defense.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

ezici, karşı konulmaz, dayanılmaz

causing strong emotional or mental impact; too great to be easily dealt with or resisted

The noise from the construction site was overwhelming for the nearby residents.

• He felt an overwhelming sense of gratitude after receiving the award.
• The report contains overwhelming data that supports the hypothesis.
• Despite the overwhelming challenges, the team completed the project on time.
• Critics described the novel's narrative as overwhelming, yet profoundly moving.

• overwhelming evidence · ezici kanıt The jury was convinced by the overwhelming evidence presented at trial.
• overwhelming majority · ezici çoğunluk An overwhelming majority voted in favor of the new policy.
• an overwhelming majority An overwhelming majority voted yes.
• find sth overwhelming Many students find the amount of reading in this course overwhelming.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

büyük ölçüde, ezici bir şekilde

to a very great degree; in a manner that overwhelms or dominates

The new policy was overwhelmingly accepted by the staff.

• Scientists found the evidence overwhelmingly convincing.
• The crowd reacted overwhelmingly with applause after the performance.
• Critics argued that the novel was overwhelmingly complex for casual readers.

• overwhelmingly positive · büyük ölçüde olumlu The survey results were overwhelmingly positive.
• overwhelmingly dominant · ezici derecede hâkim The team was overwhelmingly dominant throughout the season.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

bunalmış, bezmiş, yıpranmış

feeling troubled or bothered, often because of persistent demands or unwanted attention

She felt harassed after the endless spam emails.

• The manager noticed that several staff members were harassed by unrealistic deadlines.
• The professor warned that any student who feels harassed should seek counseling immediately.

• harassed by · ... tarafından rahatsız edilen She felt harassed by the constant phone calls.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

taciz, rahatsız etme

behaviour that annoys or upsets someone, often repeatedly

She complained of harassment at work.

• Online harassment is a growing problem.

yenmek, mağlup etmek

to overcome or win against someone or something in a competition, conflict, or struggle

The boxer defeated his rival in the third round.

• Scientists hope to defeat the disease with a new vaccine.
• The company defeated its competitors by offering lower prices.
• Historical analysis shows how strategic alliances helped defeat the empire.

• defeat an opponent · bir rakibi yenmek
• defeat sb in sth The army defeated the rebels in a swift campaign.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1teşvik etmek, desteklemek

to actively encourage or support something or someone to develop or succeed

The teacher promotes reading by giving students interesting books.

• Local businesses promote tourism to attract more visitors each summer.
• The health department promotes vaccination to reduce disease spread.
• Universities promote interdisciplinary research to foster innovation across fields.
• International NGOs promote sustainable development to address climate change challenges.

• promote health · sağlığı teşvik etmek The government launched a campaign to promote health among citizens.
• promote equality · eşitliği desteklemek Schools should promote equality regardless of students' backgrounds.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2terfi ettirmek, yükseltmek

to advance someone to a higher position or rank within an organization

The manager promoted her assistant after the successful campaign.

• He hopes to be promoted to team leader by the end of the year.
• Companies often promote high-performing staff to retain talent.
• The university promoted the researcher to full professor after extensive publications.
• Board members debated whether to promote the candidate despite recent controversies.

• promote an employee · bir çalışanı terfi ettirmek After years of hard work, the company decided to promote an employee to manager.
• promote to senior · kıdemli pozisyona yükseltmek She was promoted to senior analyst after completing the project successfully.
• promote sb to sth The board promoted John to chief financial officer last month.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

3tanıtmak, reklamını yapmak

to publicize or market a product, service, or idea to increase its visibility or sales

The agency promotes the client's products on various platforms.

• She promotes her blog by sharing posts on Twitter daily.
• Retail stores promote seasonal sales with colorful window displays.
• The festival was promoted internationally, attracting tourists from many countries.
• Digital marketers promote content strategically to maximize audience engagement.

• promote a product · bir ürünü tanıtmak

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1plan, program, düzen

a systematic arrangement of ideas or actions intended to achieve a particular goal

The university introduced a scholarship scheme for low-income students.

• Our department's research scheme includes three major projects.
• The city council approved a housing scheme to address the shortage.
• International NGOs often collaborate on large-scale development schemes.
• Critics argued that the scheme's funding model was unsustainable in the long term.

• government scheme · devlet programı
• scheme of work · ders planı Teachers must submit their scheme of work before the semester starts.
• a scheme to do sth The company devised a scheme to reduce waste by 30 percent.
• a scheme for sth She presented a scheme for improving campus transportation.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2entrika

a secret plan, especially one that is illegal or dishonest

The journalist exposed a scheme to manipulate election results.

• He was arrested for taking part in a money-laundering scheme.
• Rumors suggested a scheme to sabotage the competitor's product launch.
• Legal analysts debated whether the alleged scheme violated antitrust laws.
• Despite the elaborate scheme, the conspirators were eventually brought to justice.

• underlying scheme · gizli entrika Investigators uncovered an underlying scheme to embezzle funds.
• scheme of deception · aldatma planı The fraudster's scheme of deception fooled many investors.
• a scheme to do sth They uncovered a scheme to cheat investors.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yasallaştırmak, meşru kılmak

to make something lawful or acceptable; to justify or give legal standing to something

The board decided to legitimate the new partnership after reviewing the contracts.

• The university will legitimate the research findings once the peer-review process is complete.
• She worked hard to legitimate her position within the organization by delivering consistent results.
• International bodies often legitimate state actions by issuing formal resolutions or sanctions.

1hukuka aykırı, yasa dışı

not authorized by law or recognized as valid; illegal or unlawful

The company faced a lawsuit for its illegitimate business practices.

• Many activists argue that the tax policy is illegitimate and unfair.
• The court ruled that the contract was illegitimate because it violated regulations.
• International observers labeled the referendum illegitimate due to voter intimidation.
• Scholars debate whether the historical document is illegitimate or merely misinterpreted.

• illegitimate claim · geçersiz iddia The court dismissed the illegitimate claim for damages.
• illegitimate authority · meşru olmayan otorite People protested against the illegitimate authority of the regime.
• declare sth illegitimate The committee declared the election results illegitimate.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2evlilik dışı doğmuş, gayrimeşru

born to parents who are not married to each other; a child born out of wedlock

The law used to discriminate against illegitimate children in inheritance matters.

• She grew up aware of being an illegitimate child, but it never defined her ambitions.
• The novel explores the challenges faced by an illegitimate child in a conservative town.
• Modern societies have largely eliminated legal distinctions for illegitimate births.
• Researchers examined how the label of illegitimate child influences psychological development.

• illegitimate child · gayri meşru çocuk In the novel, the protagonist is an illegitimate child seeking his identity.
• illegitimate birth · evlilik dışı doğum Historical records often note the stigma of an illegitimate birth.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kaçınmak, savuşturmak, atlatmak

to avoid or escape from something, especially by cleverness or trickery

She tried to evade the teacher's request for extra help.

• Many people evade paying high fees by using online shortcuts.
• During the interview, he evaded answering the controversial question about policy.
• The activist evaded surveillance by constantly changing her online identities.

• evade taxes · vergi kaçırmak The company was fined for attempting to evade taxes.
• evade responsibility · sorumluluktan kaçınmak She tried to evade responsibility for the project's failure.
• evade sth He evaded the question.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

hedef

a person, object, or place that is the focus of an action, effort, or attention

The manager announced the quarterly sales target to the team.

• Students often set a reading target at the beginning of the semester.
• Our marketing department identified a new target market for the product.
• The researchers adjusted the experiment to meet the target accuracy level.
• Despite numerous setbacks, the organization finally achieved its long-term target.

• set a target · hedef koymak The company set a sales target for the next quarter.
• reach the target · hedefe ulaşmak She worked hard to reach the target before the deadline.
• target audience · hedef kitle The advertisement was designed for a young target audience.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yasak

a formal or legal prohibition that prevents something from being done or used

The city council voted to introduce a ban on fireworks after the recent incidents.

• Many countries have a ban on importing endangered species products.
• Environmental activists argue that a ban on fossil fuel subsidies would accelerate climate action.
• Legal scholars debate whether a blanket ban on encryption undermines privacy rights.

• ban on · yasaklama The government announced a ban on single-use plastics.
• total ban · tam yasak A total ban on smoking in public places was implemented last year.
• impose a ban on sth Authorities decided to impose a ban on the sale of certain chemicals.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

izin, rıza

permission for something to happen or be done

The school asks parents for consent before field trips.

• He signed the form to give his consent for the interview.
• The company cannot share personal data without consent from users.
• Ethical guidelines require researchers to obtain informed consent from all participants.
• Legal scholars debate whether implied consent can replace written consent in emergency medical situations.

• give consent · izin vermek The patient must give consent before the surgery.
• obtain consent · izin almak Researchers are required to obtain consent from participants.
• give one's consent Her parents gave their consent.
• without sb's consent The data was used without consent.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1izlemek, takip etmek

to follow the course or trail of something, often to discover its origin or whereabouts

The police traced the stolen car using its GPS signal.

• She traced the missing data to a corrupted file.
• Researchers traced the virus's evolution over several decades.
• The detective traced the suspect's movements through surveillance footage.
• Environmentalists traced the oil spill back to an offshore drilling rig.

• trace the source · kaynağını izlemek Scientists traced the source of the contamination to a nearby factory.
• trace a signal · sinyali izlemek Engineers traced the signal to a faulty sensor.
• trace sth back to sth The historian traced the tradition back to ancient Greece.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2izini sürmek, bulmak

to discover or locate something by searching for its remaining signs or evidence

He traced the missing document to a misfiled folder.

• Archaeologists traced the ancient road through the desert.
• The software traced the error to a missing library file.
• She traced the origin of the rumor back to a social media post.
• Scientists traced the migration pattern of whales using satellite tags.

• trace a clue · ipucu izini sürmek Detectives traced a clue left at the crime scene.
• trace a footprint · ayak izini sürmek The biologist traced a footprint to identify the animal species.
• trace sb to sth Police traced the man to a hotel.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

3çizerek kopyasını çıkarmak

to copy or reproduce something by drawing its outline or details

The child traced the cartoon character with a pencil.

• She traced the geometric pattern onto the wood before carving.
• Artists often trace photographs to help with proportions.
• He traced the letters onto the sand to practice his handwriting.
• The teacher asked the class to trace the map outlines for the geography lesson.

• trace over sth He traced over the original sketch with a darker pen.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

ortaya çıkmak, belirmek

to become visible or known, especially after being hidden or unknown

The sun emerged from behind the clouds.

• After weeks of research, the solution finally emerged.
• The company emerged from bankruptcy with a new strategy.
• New cultural trends emerged during the pandemic, reshaping social norms.
• Scientists anticipate that novel therapies will emerge as effective treatments for the disease.

• emerge from · ...den ortaya çıkmak The butterfly emerged from its cocoon.
• emerge as · ... olarak ortaya çıkmak She emerged as the leader of the group.
• emerge from sth New evidence emerged from the investigation.
• emerge as sth The small startup emerged as a market leader.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

sürekli, tutarlı bir şekilde

in a regular, unchanging manner over time

She consistently arrives at work before eight o'clock.

• The researcher consistently records data using the same method.
• Our team consistently achieves its quarterly targets despite market fluctuations.
• Even under pressure, he consistently makes thoughtful decisions that benefit the project.
• The policy has consistently reduced emissions across multiple regions over the past decade.

• consistently improve · sürekli olarak geliştirmek The company has consistently improved its customer service.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

denetlemek, gözetmek

to oversee the work or activities of others, ensuring they are performed correctly and safely

The teacher will supervise the students during the field trip.

• Our supervisor asked us to supervise the new interns for a week.
• She supervises the laboratory to guarantee all procedures meet the standards.
• During the clinical trial, the principal investigator must supervise each participant's progress carefully.
• Effective project management requires leaders who can supervise complex interdisciplinary teams while maintaining high quality and safety standards.

• supervise a team · bir takımı denetlemek The manager will supervise a team of ten engineers during the project.
• supervise the experiment · deneyi gözetlemek She was asked to supervise the experiment to ensure safety protocols were followed.
• be supervised by sb The interns are supervised by senior researchers.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

mahcup, utanmış

feeling self-conscious or ashamed because of a mistake, awkward situation, or social blunder.

She blushed and felt embarrassed when she forgot her lines.

• He was embarrassed about his low grade in the exam.
• The student looked embarrassed after answering the question incorrectly.
• During the meeting, she became embarrassed when her laptop stopped working.
• Even seasoned speakers can feel embarrassed to speak in front of a large, critical audience.

• feel embarrassed · mahcup hissetmek She felt embarrassed after tripping over the carpet.
• be embarrassed about · ... hakkında mahcup olmak He was embarrassed about his poor pronunciation.
• be embarrassed to do sth I was embarrassed to ask for help during the presentation.
• be embarrassed by sth She was embarrassed by the loud laughter of the audience.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

utandırıcı

causing someone to feel self-conscious, ashamed, or uneasy

The teacher called the student's answer an embarrassing mistake in class.

• The politician's embarrassing remarks were widely reported in the media.
• Despite the embarrassing incident, the team managed to win the championship.

• embarrassing situation · utandırıcı durum She found herself in an embarrassing situation during the presentation.
• embarrassing mistake · utandırıcı hata The typo was an embarrassing mistake that had to be corrected quickly.
• find sth embarrassing Many people find public speaking embarrassing at first.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

itibar, şöhret

the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something

The restaurant built a solid reputation after years of great service.

• His reputation as a reliable engineer helped him secure the contract.
• Many people question the reputation of online news sources.
• Despite the rumors, the scientist's reputation remained untarnished among peers.
• The politician's reputation suffered greatly after the corruption investigation.

• good reputation · iyi itibar The company enjoys a good reputation for customer service.
• have a reputation for sth She has a reputation for delivering projects on time.
• damage one's reputation The scandal could damage his reputation permanently.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1süregelen, geçmeyen, kalıcı, devam eden

continuing to exist or endure over a prolonged period of time without interruption

The persistent noise from the street made it hard to concentrate.

• Researchers noted the persistent increase in carbon emissions over the decade.
• The persistent drought has forced farmers to adopt new irrigation methods.
• Even after the policy change, the persistent inequality in education remained evident.

• persistent problem · devam eden sorun The team struggled to solve the persistent problem of data loss.
• persistent rain · sürekli yağmur Persistent rain delayed the construction work for several days.
• be persistent in doing sth She is persistent in seeking funding for her research.
• a persistent cough She has a persistent cough.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2ısrarcı, kararlı, inatçı

showing a firm determination to continue a course of action despite difficulty or opposition

She was persistent in asking for a second interview.

• The child's persistent curiosity led him to ask many questions.
• Despite the criticism, the writer stayed persistent and finished the novel.
• Their persistent lobbying finally resulted in new environmental regulations.
• Even after multiple rejections, his persistent determination secured the grant.

• persistent effort · ısrarcı çaba Her persistent effort eventually led to a breakthrough in the experiment.
• persistent attitude · ısrarcı tutum A persistent attitude toward learning can improve academic performance.
• be persistent in sth He is persistent about improving his writing skills.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

önceki

existing or occurring before something else in time or order.

The previous lecture covered the basics of photosynthesis.

• She remembered the previous conversation about the upcoming exam.
• The previous version of the software had several security flaws.
• Researchers compared the current data with the previous dataset to identify trends.
• Despite the previous setbacks, the team managed to complete the project on schedule.

• previous year · geçen yıl The company reported higher profits than the previous year.
• previous study · önceki çalışma The results confirm the findings of the previous study.
• previous chapter · önceki bölüm Please review the previous chapter before starting the assignment.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

daha önce

before the time or event currently being referred to

She previously lived in Istanbul before moving to Ankara.

• The study previously showed a slight increase in temperature.
• Researchers previously believed the theory was untestable.
• The policy, previously implemented in 2015, was revised last year.
• Although previously criticized, the new model has now received widespread acclaim.

• previously mentioned · daha önce bahsedilen The previously mentioned article was published last year.
• previously known · daha önce bilinen She was previously known as a leading researcher in genetics.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

hayal kırıklığına uğramış, sıkıntı duyan

feeling upset or annoyed because of being unable to achieve something or because of repeated obstacles.

She felt frustrated after the meeting ended without a decision.

• The constant delays left the team frustrated and demotivated.
• He became frustrated with the complicated registration process for the conference.
• Despite his efforts, the researcher remained frustrated by the inconclusive results.
• The professor noticed that many students were frustrated by the ambiguous exam questions.

• feel frustrated · hayal kırıklığına uğramak She feels frustrated when the software crashes repeatedly.
• frustrated by · tarafından hayal kırıklığına uğramış He was frustrated by the lack of clear instructions.
• be frustrated with sb Many students are frustrated with the slow internet connection on campus.
• get frustrated If you don't see progress soon, you might get frustrated.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

sinir bozucu, hüsran verici

causing feelings of frustration or annoyance; making it difficult to achieve a goal

The ambiguous instructions were frustrating for the new interns.

• Despite his efforts, the lack of data remained frustrating during the analysis.
• The constant changes in policy are increasingly frustrating for long-term employees.

• frustrating experience · sinir bozucu deneyim The long waiting time was a frustrating experience for the customers.
• frustrating problem · hüsran verici sorun The team faced a frustrating problem that delayed the project.
• find sth frustrating Many students find the complex registration process frustrating.
• it is frustrating to do sth It is frustrating to wait for a response that never comes.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey