ODTÜ 502 Span 4

1gerçekleşmek, meydana gelmek

to happen or take place, especially unexpectedly

The meeting occurred yesterday afternoon.

• A rare eclipse occurred last month.
• Unexpected delays occurred during the construction project.
• When the temperature drops, frost may occur on the windows.
• The phenomenon occurred despite the researchers' initial doubts.

• occur naturally · doğal olarak gerçekleşmek Certain chemical reactions occur naturally in the atmosphere.
• occur frequently · sık sık meydana gelmek Power outages occur frequently during the summer months.
• occur in/at sth The accident occurred on the highway at midnight.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2(to ile) aklına gelmek

to come into someone's mind; to be thought of or remembered

It occurred to me that I left my notebook at home.

• The solution occurred to the researcher after many trials.
• During the lecture, a new concept occurred to several students.
• She realized that the hypothesis occurred to her during a late-night study session.
• When reviewing the data, it occurred to the analyst that a different statistical test was needed.

• occur in the mind · zihinde ortaya çıkmak
• occur to sb It occurred to Jane that the experiment needed a control group.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yaklaşık olarak

close to a particular number or amount but not exactly

The class has approximately twenty students this semester.

• The distance between the two cities is approximately 150 kilometers.
• Researchers estimated that the virus spread to approximately one million people worldwide.
• The professor said the lecture would finish at approximately 11:15 a.m., but it ran longer.
• According to the model, sea levels could rise by approximately 0.3 meters by 2100.

• approximately 10 percent · yaklaşık yüzde 10 The survey showed that approximately 10 percent of respondents preferred online learning.
• approximately five miles · yaklaşık beş mil The town is located approximately five miles north of the river.
• approximately 3 o'clock · yaklaşık saat üçte The meeting will start at approximately 3 o'clock.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

olay, meydana gelme

something that happens; the fact of something happening

The sudden rain was an unexpected occurrence during the picnic.

• Scientists recorded the occurrence of a new particle in the experiment.
• The manager noted each occurrence of tardiness in the monthly report.
• Cultural festivals often mark the occurrence of seasonal changes in many societies.
• Despite careful planning, the occurrence of technical glitches delayed the launch.

• rare occurrence · nadir olay A solar eclipse is a rare occurrence.
• significant occurrence · önemli olay The earthquake was a significant occurrence in the region's history.
• a common occurrence Power cuts are a common occurrence here.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

açığa çıkarmak, ortaya koymak

to make known something that was previously hidden or unknown

The magician will reveal the trick at the end of the show.

• Scientists hope the study will reveal how the virus spreads.
• Her facial expression revealed that she was nervous about the interview.
• The leaked documents revealed serious flaws in the security system.
• Through careful analysis, the researcher revealed a previously unnoticed pattern in the data.

• reveal the truth · gerçeği ortaya koymak The investigation will reveal the truth about the accident.
• reveal a secret · gizli bir şeyi ortaya çıkarmak She promised not to reveal the secret to anyone.
• reveal that … The report revealed that the company had been underreporting emissions.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

geliştirmek, gelişmek

to cause something to grow, become more advanced, or improve in quality or complexity

She wants to develop her speaking abilities before the conference.

• The company plans to develop a new mobile app for students.
• Scientists are working to develop a sustainable method for water purification.
• Through rigorous research, the team developed a groundbreaking algorithm for data analysis.
• The seedlings develop quickly when watered regularly.
• Urban areas develop as populations increase and demand more services.
• His critical thinking skills developed after taking advanced philosophy courses.
• The software platform developed into a comprehensive solution for data management.
• Over centuries, the language developed into several distinct dialects across regions.

• develop a skill · bir beceriyi geliştirmek
• develop a plan · bir plan hazırlamak
• develop rapidly · hızla gelişmek The technology sector has developed rapidly in the last decade.
• develop over time · zaman içinde gelişmek His understanding of the subject developed over time with consistent study.
• develop as sth She developed as a confident public speaker after many presentations.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1gelişme, ilerleme

the process of growth, progress, or improvement in a particular area or field

The city has seen significant development over the past decade.

• Scientists study the development of the brain to understand learning processes.
• Investors are interested in sustainable development projects across the globe.
• Her artistic development was evident in the increasingly complex paintings she produced.
• Policy makers must consider the long-term environmental impact of urban development.

• economic development · ekonomik gelişme The government launched new policies to stimulate economic development.
• rapid development · hızlı gelişme Rapid development of renewable energy technologies has reduced costs.
• the development of sth The development of artificial intelligence raises ethical questions.
• in development The new software is still in development and will be released next year.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2inşaat projesi, yapı

a planned construction project, especially a building or a group of buildings

The developers submitted plans for a mixed-use development on the riverfront.

• Local residents opposed the large development because it would increase traffic.
• Construction crews began work on the development early last spring.
• Environmental impact assessments are required before the development can proceed.
• The success of the development depended on securing sufficient financing and community support.

• housing development · konut projesi The new housing development will provide 500 apartments for families.
• commercial development · ticari proje The commercial development includes a shopping mall and office spaces.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

ima etmek, çıtlatmak, üstü kapalı belirtmek

to make something known or reveal it, especially in a subtle or indirect way

The manager intimated that the deadline would be moved up.

• She intimated her disappointment by not attending the ceremony.
• During the interview, he intimated a possible error in the data analysis.
• The diplomat intimated that negotiations might stall if the sanctions remain.

• intimate a concern · bir endişeyi dile getirmek He intimated a concern about the project's timeline during the meeting.
• intimate that … The report intimated that the climate models were unreliable.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yakınlık, samimiyet

the state of being close and familiar, especially in personal relationships

The siblings grew up sharing a strong sense of intimacy.

• Intimacy is essential for a healthy romantic partnership.
• Researchers study how intimacy affects mental health outcomes.
• During the workshop, participants practiced exercises to increase emotional intimacy.
• The novel explores the gradual erosion of intimacy in a long-term marriage.

• intimacy issues · samimiyet sorunları The therapist helped the couple address their intimacy issues.
• intimacy level · samimiyet düzeyi The intimacy level in the team improved after the retreat.
• a sense of intimacy The small room created a sense of intimacy.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kaygı, endişe

a feeling of worry, nervousness, or uneasiness about something with an uncertain outcome

She felt a slight anxiety before stepping onto the stage.

• His anxiety grew as the deadline approached.
• The doctor explained that anxiety can affect sleep quality.
• Researchers are studying how anxiety influences decision-making under pressure.
• Despite extensive preparation, the candidate's anxiety persisted throughout the conference presentation.

• feel anxiety · kaygı hissetmek She could feel anxiety rising before the exam.
• anxiety attack · kaygı atağı He suffered an anxiety attack during the interview.
• anxiety about sth Many students experience anxiety about their final grades.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1endişeli, kaygılı

feeling worried, uneasy, or nervous about something uncertain or potentially harmful

He felt anxious about the upcoming exam.

• The child was anxious when the lights went out.
• She became anxious after hearing the news about the storm.
• Researchers noted that participants were anxious during the high-stress simulation.
• Despite thorough preparation, many candidates remain anxious when facing a panel interview.

• anxious about the future · gelecek hakkında endişeli Many graduates feel anxious about the future job market.
• anxious for help · yardım bekleyen, endişeli The patient was anxious for help after the sudden pain.
• be anxious about sth She is anxious about her upcoming presentation.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2istekli, can atan

feeling eager or longing for something to happen

She felt anxious to begin the research project.

• The team was anxious to hear the conference feedback.
• He became anxious to see the final grades after the semester.
• Parents are often anxious to know how their children are progressing in school.
• The committee remained anxious to finalize the policy despite the tight deadline.

• anxious to start · başlamaya can atan She was anxious to start her new job.
• anxious for the results · sonuçları bekleyen The students were anxious for the exam results.
• be anxious to do sth He is anxious to meet his professor tomorrow.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

çok önemli, hayati

of great importance in determining the outcome of something; essential.

The deadline is approaching, making the final edit crucial.

• Understanding the data is crucial for accurate analysis.
• His testimony proved crucial in the courtroom trial.
• The researchers identified a crucial variable that affected the results.
• Policy makers must recognize the crucial impact of renewable energy on future economies.

• crucial decision · hayati karar The board faced a crucial decision about the merger.
• crucial role · kritik rol She played a crucial role in the project's success.
• crucial factor · belirleyici faktör Economic stability is a crucial factor for investment.
• be crucial to sth Good communication is crucial to effective teamwork.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1serbest bırakmak, özgür kılmak

to allow someone or something to go free or to make something no longer confined

The zoo will release the rescued owl back into the forest tomorrow.

• When the dam finally opened, the floodwaters were released, reshaping the valley downstream.

• release a prisoner · bir mahkumu serbest bırakmak The government decided to release the prisoner after ten years.
• release sb/sth from sth The court will release the defendant from custody tomorrow.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2yayınlamak, piyasaya sürmek

to make a product, piece of information, or work available to the public

The research team will release their findings in a peer-reviewed journal.

• The band decided to release a new single before the album launch.
• The government plans to release the new tax guidelines next quarter.
• After months of testing, the developers finally released the app to the public.
• Critics praised how the director chose to release the documentary in a staggered format.

• release a statement · bir açıklama yayınlamak The university released a statement about the new scholarship program.
• release sth to sb The publisher will release the book to the market next spring.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1dahil etmek, karıştırmak

to include someone or something as a necessary part or participant

The committee will involve all members in the decision-making process.

• She felt happy to be involved in the community garden project.
• When you involve too many variables, the experiment becomes difficult to control.
• Researchers involve interdisciplinary teams to tackle complex environmental challenges.

• involve sb in doing sth The teacher involves students in solving real-world problems.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2içermek, kapsamak

to contain or entail as a necessary component

The new curriculum involves digital literacy and critical thinking skills.

• Designing the bridge involves structural engineering and environmental assessment.
• The research involves both qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys.
• Implementing the policy involves revising existing regulations and training staff.
• Understanding climate change involves interdisciplinary research and long-term data monitoring.

• involve complex calculations · karmaşık hesaplamaları kapsamak The algorithm involves complex calculations that require high-performance computing.
• involve multiple steps · birden fazla adımı içermek Solving the equation involves multiple steps and careful algebraic manipulation.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

katılım, dahil olma

the state of being involved in something; participation

She joined the club and showed her involvement.

• His involvement in the study was limited to data collection.
• The teacher praised the student's involvement during the group discussion.
• Despite initial doubts, her deep involvement in the policy reform proved essential.
• The project's success can be attributed to the multidisciplinary involvement of experts across various fields.

• active involvement · aktif katılım Her active involvement improved the project outcomes.
• community involvement · toplum katılımı The program encourages community involvement in local schools.
• involvement in sth The company has involvement in renewable energy sectors.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

belirlemek, karar vermek

to decide or settle something after consideration or investigation

The teacher will determine the final grade after the exam.

• Researchers must determine the variables before starting the experiment.
• The jury will determine the defendant's guilt based on the evidence presented.
• Engineers determined that the bridge could not support the additional load without reinforcement.
• Policy analysts determined that the proposed regulation would significantly reduce emissions over the next decade.
• The temperature will determine how quickly the ice melts.
• Your attitude can determine whether you succeed in the interview.
• The algorithm determines the best route for delivery trucks each day.
• Economic factors will determine the long-term sustainability of the program.
• Genetic variations determine an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases.

• determine the cause · nedeni belirlemek Scientists worked hard to determine the cause of the outbreak.
• determine a policy · bir politikayı belirlemek The committee will determine a new policy on data privacy next month.
• determine the outcome · sonucu belirlemek Your effort will determine the outcome of the project.
• determine the speed · hızı belirlemek The driver determined the speed of the car by checking the tachometer.
• determine whether … The study aims to determine whether the new method improves accuracy.
• be determined by sth The price was determined by market demand.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1kararlılık, azim

the quality of being resolute and persistent in achieving a goal

Her determination helped her earn a scholarship.

• The scientist's determination led to a breakthrough discovery.
• Despite setbacks, his determination never wavered during the project.
• Students admired his determination to improve the campus library resources.
• The athlete's unwavering determination inspired the entire team to train harder.

• strong determination · güçlü kararlılık She showed strong determination to finish the marathon despite the heat.
• determination to succeed · başarma kararlılığı His determination to succeed drove him to study late every night.
• the determination to do sth The team's determination to win was evident in every play.
• with determination She tackled the problem with determination and solved it quickly.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2belirleme, tespit

the act of establishing something exactly, especially by calculation or research

The determination of the star's distance was a major achievement for astronomers.

• Engineers focused on the determination of stress points in the bridge design.
• Accurate determination of the virus strain guided the vaccine development.
• The court's determination of liability set a precedent for future cases.
• Researchers emphasized the importance of careful determination of variables in the study.

• determination of the cause · nedeni belirleme The determination of the cause of the failure required extensive testing.
• precise determination · kesin tespit Precise determination of the chemical composition was essential for the experiment.
• the determination of sth The determination of the sample's purity took several hours.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

etkileşimli

describing something that allows two-way communication or active participation between users and a system or between people

The app provides an interactive map that shows real-time traffic conditions.

• Students prefer interactive tutorials over static textbook chapters.
• During the workshop, participants created an interactive prototype of their idea.
• Researchers evaluated how interactive features affect user engagement on social platforms.
• The conference featured an interactive panel where audience members could submit questions live.

• interactive learning · etkileşimli öğrenme The course uses interactive learning activities to keep students engaged.
• interactive website · etkileşimli web sitesi Our company launched an interactive website that lets customers customize products.
• interactive display · etkileşimli ekran The museum installed an interactive display for visitors to explore the artifacts.
• an interactive website The museum has an interactive website.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

etkileşim

the reciprocal action or influence between two or more entities, often resulting in a change in each party

The teacher encouraged interaction among the group members during the workshop.

• Researchers measured interaction by recording the number of exchanges per minute.
• Effective interaction between doctors and patients improves treatment outcomes.
• The study highlighted how interaction between variables can produce unexpected results.
• Advanced courses often examine interaction patterns in complex adaptive systems.

• social interaction · sosyal etkileşim Social interaction is essential for developing communication skills.
• human-computer interaction · insan-bilgisayar etkileşimi Human-computer interaction studies how users engage with digital interfaces.
• interaction effect · etkileşim etkisi The researcher found a significant interaction effect between diet and exercise.
• the interaction between … and … The interaction between language and culture shapes identity.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kehanet

a prediction of future events, especially one claimed to be divinely inspired

The old manuscript contains a prophecy about a great flood.

• Scholars debate whether the medieval prophecy was a political tool.
• In the novel, the hero discovers a prophecy that changes his destiny.
• The priest warned the villagers that the prophecy could be interpreted in many ways.
• Modern scientists often dismiss ancient prophecies as myth rather than factual prediction.

• ancient prophecy · eski kehanet The ancient prophecy foretold the rise of a new ruler.
• fulfill a prophecy · bir kehaneti yerine getirmek Many believers think the recent events fulfill a prophecy from the scriptures.
• prophecy that … The oracle gave a prophecy that the kingdom would fall within a year.
• a prophecy comes true The old prophecy came true.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yanıt vermek, tepki vermek

to give a reply or answer to a question, request, or situation

The teacher asked a question and the student responded clearly.

• When the fire alarm rang, everyone responded quickly and left the building.
• The politician responded to the criticism with a detailed statement.
• After the survey, the company responded by adjusting its pricing strategy.
• Researchers responded to the unexpected results by redesigning the experiment.
• When the temperature drops, the body responds by shivering.
• The market responded to the news with a sharp increase in prices.
• Students often respond to stress with reduced concentration.
• In the experiment, the cells responded to the chemical agent within minutes.
• The community responded to the disaster by organizing relief efforts.

• respond to a question · bir soruya yanıt vermek She responded to the interviewer's question confidently.
• respond promptly · hızlı bir şekilde yanıt vermek The customer service team responded promptly to the complaint.
• respond to stimuli · uyaranlara tepki vermek Plants respond to light stimuli by growing towards it.
• respond positively · olumlu bir şekilde tepki vermek The audience responded positively to the new policy.
• respond to sth He responded to the email yesterday.
• respond with sth/doing sth She responded with a smile.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1yanıt, cevap

a verbal or written answer to a question, request, or situation

The teacher asked a question and waited for a response.

• After the interview, she wrote a polite response to thank the panel.
• The company's delayed response to customer complaints caused a loss of trust.
• In academic conferences, a thoughtful response to criticism can strengthen a research argument.

• prompt response · hızlı yanıt She gave a prompt response to the email.
• official response · resmi yanıt The government issued an official response to the allegations.
• in response to sth She smiled in response to his question.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2tepki, reaksiyon

a reaction to a stimulus, event, or situation, often indicating an emotional or physiological change

The sudden loud noise caused an immediate response from the startled crowd.

• Researchers studied the cellular response to the new drug in laboratory tests.
• Her calm response to criticism impressed the interview panel.
• The government's fiscal response to the recession was criticized by economists.
• In cognitive psychology, the response latency is an important metric for decision-making studies.

• immune response · bağışıklık tepkisi The vaccine triggers an immune response that protects against infection.
• stress response · stres tepkisi The body's stress response includes increased heart rate and cortisol release.
• elicit a response from sb The provocative article elicited a strong response from readers.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

son derece, olağanüstü derecede

to a very great degree; in an exceptional or remarkable manner

The new policy is extraordinarily simple to understand.

• His performance was extraordinarily good, earning applause.
• Scientists found the phenomenon extraordinarily rare in nature.
• The author wrote an extraordinarily compelling argument for climate action.
• Despite limited resources, the team achieved an extraordinarily successful outcome.

• extraordinarily difficult · son derece zor The exam was extraordinarily difficult for most students.
• extraordinarily fast · olağanüstü hızlı She completed the marathon extraordinarily fast.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

olağanüstü

remarkably unusual or exceptional; far beyond what is ordinary or usual

The painting was extraordinary, capturing emotions no one else could.

• His extraordinary talent for mathematics was evident even in elementary school.
• The committee praised the extraordinary effort the volunteers put into the project.
• Despite the extraordinary challenges, the team completed the research on schedule.
• Critics argue that the novel's extraordinary narrative structure redefines modern literature.

• extraordinary achievement · olağanüstü başarı She received an award for her extraordinary achievement in physics.
• extraordinary circumstances · olağanüstü koşullar The contract was signed under extraordinary circumstances.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

ikamet eden kişi, sakin

a person who lives permanently or long-term in a particular place

The resident pays rent every month.

• Many residents of the town attend the weekly market.
• The university offers housing for international residents.
• Urban planning studies often analyze the distribution of residents across districts.
• Demographic research indicates that long-term residents tend to have higher civic engagement.

• permanent resident · daimi ikamet eden She applied for permanent resident status after five years.
• be a resident of sth He is a resident of New York City.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

ikamet etmek

to live in a particular place, especially for a long period of time

She resides in Istanbul and commutes to work daily.

• After graduation, many graduates reside in the city where they found jobs.
• The family decided to reside in a rural area to enjoy a quieter lifestyle.
• International scholars often reside in university housing during their research projects.
• Due to tax regulations, some corporations require executives to reside in the country of operation.

• reside in · ... içinde ikamet etmek She resides in a small apartment near the university.
• reside at · ... adresinde ikamet etmek The ambassador resides at the official residence provided by the government.
• reside in sth He decided to reside at 123 Main Street for the duration of his contract.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

soyundan gelen, torun

a person or thing that is derived from a particular ancestor or source

She discovered that she is a descendant of a well-known explorer.

• Historians often trace the lineage of royalty to identify descendants.
• Geneticists use DNA analysis to confirm whether individuals are true descendants of a common ancestor.
• The legal case hinged on proving that the claimant was the rightful descendant entitled to inherit the estate.

• direct descendant · doğrudan soyundan gelen She is a direct descendant of the founding family.
• descendant line · soy hattı The royal descendant line has been traced back to the 12th century.
• descendant population · soyundan gelen nüfus Researchers studied the genetic diversity of the descendant population.
• a descendant of sb He is a descendant of a famous poet.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

tartışmalı, görüş ayrılığına yol açan

causing or likely to cause public disagreement or heated debate

The new school policy is controversial among parents.

• Scientists debate the controversial findings of the experiment.
• Her controversial remarks attracted media attention.
• The film's controversial scenes led to censorship in several countries.
• Despite its controversial nature, the proposal was eventually approved by the committee.

• controversial issue · tartışmalı konu The new tax law became a controversial issue among economists.
• controversial topic · tartışmalı konu Climate change is a controversial topic in some political circles.
• controversial decision · tartışmalı karar The board's controversial decision sparked protests.
• be considered controversial Many scholars consider the theory controversial.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

tartışma, görüş ayrılığı

a prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion about a topic

The new law caused controversy among local residents.

• Many students joined the debate, turning the issue into a heated controversy.
• Media outlets amplified the controversy by publishing conflicting reports.
• Scholars argue that the controversy reflects deeper societal tensions.
• Despite extensive research, the controversy remains unresolved in the academic community.

• spark controversy · tartışma başlatmak The scientist's new theory sparked controversy among his peers.
• public controversy · kamuoyu tartışması The policy has become a public controversy.
• be at the center of a controversy The minister is at the center of a controversy.
• cause controversy The film caused controversy.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

dayanmak, güvenmek

to depend on someone or something for support, help, or confidence

You can rely on me to finish the report.

• Many students rely on scholarships to afford tuition.
• The team relies on accurate data to draw conclusions.
• In emergency situations, people often rely on first responders for assistance.
• International negotiations rely upon mutual trust and transparent communication.

• rely on · dayanmak, güvenmek She can always rely on her friends for advice.
• rely upon · dayanmak, güvenmek The success of the project relies upon careful planning.
• rely on sb/sth You should rely on evidence when making a scientific claim.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1bağımlılık

the state of depending on or needing someone or something for support or help

Many students have a reliance on their smartphones for class notes.

• The country's reliance on oil imports raises economic concerns.
• His reliance on luck alone rarely leads to successful outcomes.
• In scientific research, reliance on peer-reviewed sources ensures credibility.
• The team's reliance on a single star player became a weakness during the tournament.

• complete reliance · tam bağımlılık She placed complete reliance on her mentor's advice.
• reliance on sth His reliance on public transport makes commuting easier.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2güven, itimat

confidence in the reliability or ability of someone or something

Scientists place reliance upon rigorous methodology in experiments.

• Investors show reliance on the company's transparent reporting.
• Teachers encourage students' reliance on critical thinking skills.
• International agreements often depend on mutual reliance among nations.
• The success of the venture was largely due to the team's reliance on innovative technology.

• mutual reliance · karşılıklı güven The partnership is built on mutual reliance and shared goals.
• reliance upon · güvenme The study emphasizes reliance upon accurate data collection.
• reliance on sth Our reliance on oil must decrease.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

canlandırmak, hayata döndürmek

to bring someone or something back to life or to a state of activity

The paramedics worked quickly to revive the unconscious driver.

• A strong coffee can revive you during a long study session.
• The old theater was revived after a major renovation project.
• Efforts to revive the endangered turtle population have shown promising results.
• Policy makers are debating how to revive the stagnant housing market.

• revive a patient · bir hastayı hayata döndürmek The doctors managed to revive the patient after the cardiac arrest.
• revive the economy · ekonomiyi canlandırmak Government stimulus packages aim to revive the economy.
• revive the economy The government is trying to revive the economy.
• revive sth by sth The festival was revived by a group of enthusiastic volunteers.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

canlanma, yeniden canlanma, diriliş

the act of bringing something back into use, popularity, or activity; a period when something becomes popular again

The old neighborhood saw a revival after the new park was built.

• Many people notice a revival of classic rock on the radio these days.
• The government's policy changes sparked a revival of small businesses in rural areas.
• Scholars argue that the Renaissance was a profound cultural revival that reshaped European thought.
• Despite initial skepticism, the scientific community eventually embraced the revival of interest in renewable energy technologies.

• cultural revival · kültürel canlanma The city experienced a cultural revival after the new museum opened.
• revival of interest · ilgi canlanması There has been a revival of interest in vintage fashion among young designers.
• revival movement · yeniden canlanma hareketi The revival movement aimed to restore traditional farming practices.
• lead to a revival of sth The successful campaign led to a revival of voter participation in the region.
• enjoy a revival Jazz is enjoying a revival.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

varsayım, kabul, öngörü

a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof

The teacher asked us to list every assumption in the argument.

• She questioned the assumption that all students learn the same way.
• Economists often rely on the assumption that consumers act rationally.
• His hypothesis was built on the assumption that the data were accurate and unbiased.
• Critics argued that the entire theory collapses when the central assumption about climate sensitivity is disproven.

• underlying assumption · temel varsayım The model's underlying assumption is that markets are efficient.
• make an assumption Don't make assumptions about people.
• on the assumption that … The policy was designed based on the assumption that demand would increase.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

varsaymak, kabul etmek

to take something as true without proof or evidence; to accept something as a fact or as a responsibility

I assume you will attend the lecture tomorrow.

• The scientist assumed the hypothesis was correct before testing it.
• Critics assume that the author intended a deeper meaning in the novel.

• assume that … I assume that the meeting will start on time.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

açık, belli

clearly visible or understood; obvious

The mistake is evident in the calculation.

• Her excitement was evident to everyone in the room.
• The scientist presented evidence that made the theory evident.
• Despite the complex language, the main argument remains evident throughout the article.
• The subtle shift in policy became evident only after several months of implementation.

• evident that · açık ki It is evident that the climate is changing rapidly.
• evident from · ...den belli The improvement was evident from the test results.
• it is evident that … The data were found to be evident that the hypothesis was correct.
• be evident in sth The flaw is evident in the final paragraph of the report.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

geçici

lasting only for a short period of time; not permanent

The school set up a temporary classroom for the new students.

• She used a temporary password to log into the system.
• The government announced a temporary tax relief for small businesses.
• Researchers consider the observed effect to be temporary and plan further studies.
• Even though the contract is temporary, both parties are committed to high performance.

• temporary solution · geçici çözüm The committee proposed a temporary solution to the budget shortfall.
• temporary staff · geçici personel During the summer, the company hired temporary staff to cover the workload.
• temporary measure · geçici önlem Closing the road was a temporary measure while repairs were completed.

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geçici olarak

for a limited period of time, not permanently

The shop will temporarily shut down for cleaning.

• He temporarily left his job to travel abroad.
• The software update will temporarily slow down the system.
• Researchers temporarily halted the experiment after unexpected results.
• Despite the crisis, the company managed to temporarily increase its profits.

• temporarily close · geçici olarak kapatmak The library will temporarily close for renovations next week.
• temporarily suspend · geçici olarak askıya almak The government decided to temporarily suspend the new tax law.
• temporarily relocate · geçici olarak taşınmak Employees were temporarily relocated to a nearby office during repairs.

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insan, insanoğlu

a member of the species Homo sapiens; a person

The museum displayed artifacts made by early humans.

• Ethical debates often focus on what it means to be a fully autonomous human being.

insanlık dışı, acımasız

describing behavior or conditions that lack compassion, kindness, or humanity; cruel and brutal.

The dictator's inhuman policies caused widespread suffering.

• She described the inhuman conditions in the factory as unacceptable.
• Many NGOs condemn the inhuman treatment of detainees worldwide.
• The novel portrays the inhuman nature of war through vivid scenes.
• Scholars debate whether certain historical events can be classified as inhuman atrocities.

• inhuman treatment · insanlık dışı muamele The prisoners were subjected to inhuman treatment during the conflict.
• inhuman conditions · insanlık dışı koşullar Refugees lived in inhuman conditions in the overcrowded camp.
• inhuman treatment Prisoners suffered inhuman treatment.

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1insanlık, insanlık durumu, insan ırkı

the collective existence of human beings; the human race as a whole

The documentary explores how climate change affects humanity.

• Philosophers often ask what defines humanity.
• The pandemic reminded us of our shared humanity across borders.
• Advances in medicine reflect humanity's relentless pursuit of knowledge.
• Ethical debates about AI focus on preserving the dignity of humanity.

• the future of humanity · insanlığın geleceği Scientists are debating the future of humanity in the age of AI.
• humanity's achievements · insanlığın başarıları Humanity's achievements in space exploration inspire many.
• a crime against humanity It was a crime against humanity.

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2insaniyet, merhamet, şefkat

the quality of being kind, compassionate, and considerate toward others

Volunteers demonstrated humanity by distributing food to the homeless.

• His decision reflected a deep sense of humanity toward the victims.
• The novel portrays humanity in the midst of war.
• When faced with tragedy, people often reveal unexpected humanity.
• International aid agencies prioritize humanity over political interests.

• show humanity · insaniyet göstermek She showed humanity by helping the stranded travelers.
• lack of humanity · insaniyet eksikliği The lack of humanity in the prison system sparked protests.

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