ODTÜ 401 Span 1

değiştirmek, değişmek

to make a change to something, especially in order to improve or correct it

She altered the dress to fit better.

• The committee altered the rules after the meeting.
• Scientists altered the experiment to reduce errors.
• The company altered its marketing strategy to reach younger customers.
• Historical events altered the course of the nation's development.
• The landscape altered after the heavy rain.
• His opinion altered once he heard the full story.

• alter the schedule · programı değiştirmek The manager decided to alter the schedule for next week.
• alter the design · tasarımı değiştirmek Engineers had to alter the design after the test results.
• alter dramatically The city has altered dramatically.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

eklemek, iliştirmek

to fasten, join, or connect one thing to another

Please attach the signed form to your application.

• The teacher asked us to attach a bibliography to the report.
• She attached a note to the door explaining the delay.
• Researchers attached sensors to the bridge to monitor stress levels.
• The lawyer attached a clause to the contract to protect the client's interests.

• attach a file · dosya eklemek Please attach the PDF file to your email.
• attach a label · etiket iliştirmek The technician attached a label to each cable.
• attach sth to sth She attached the photograph to the album page.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

hayatta kalmak

to continue to live or exist, especially in spite of danger, hardship, or adverse conditions.

The hikers survived the sudden storm by finding shelter.

• After the fire, the old building surprisingly survived with only minor damage.
• She survived on a small stipend while completing her doctorate.
• Many small businesses struggled but managed to survive the economic recession.
• In the documentary, scientists explain how certain microbes survive in extreme deep-sea environments.

• survive a disaster · bir felaketten kurtulmak
• survive on a salary · maaşla geçinmek She had to survive on a modest salary after losing her full-time job.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

belirlemek, karar vermek

to decide or settle something after consideration or investigation

The teacher will determine the final grade after the exam.

• Researchers must determine the variables before starting the experiment.
• The jury will determine the defendant's guilt based on the evidence presented.
• Engineers determined that the bridge could not support the additional load without reinforcement.
• Policy analysts determined that the proposed regulation would significantly reduce emissions over the next decade.
• The temperature will determine how quickly the ice melts.
• Your attitude can determine whether you succeed in the interview.
• The algorithm determines the best route for delivery trucks each day.
• Economic factors will determine the long-term sustainability of the program.
• Genetic variations determine an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases.

• determine the cause · nedeni belirlemek Scientists worked hard to determine the cause of the outbreak.
• determine a policy · bir politikayı belirlemek The committee will determine a new policy on data privacy next month.
• determine the outcome · sonucu belirlemek Your effort will determine the outcome of the project.
• determine the speed · hızı belirlemek The driver determined the speed of the car by checking the tachometer.
• determine whether … The study aims to determine whether the new method improves accuracy.
• be determined by sth The price was determined by market demand.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

alışılmadık

different from what is normal or expected; not common

The painting has an unusual color scheme that catches the eye.

• Scientists reported an unusual spike in temperature during the experiment.
• The committee considered the proposal unusual but worth exploring further.
• Despite the unusual challenges, the team completed the project ahead of schedule.

• unusual behavior · alışılmadık davranış The scientist observed an unusual behavior in the test subjects.
• unusual circumstances · alışılmadık koşullar Due to unusual circumstances, the conference was postponed.
• it is unusual for sb to do sth It is unusual for a teenager to travel alone across the country.
• consider sth unusual Many people consider his accent unusual.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1sığ

having little depth; not extending far down from the surface.

The stream is shallow enough to cross on foot.

• During the hike we found a shallow pool for a quick break.
• Engineers measured the river's shallow sections before building the bridge.
• Scientists noted that the shallow marine zone hosts a unique ecosystem.

• shallow water · sığ su The children played safely in the shallow water near the shore.
• shallow depth · sığ derinlik The lake has a shallow depth in its northern part.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2yüzeysel

lacking depth of thought, seriousness, or significance; concerned only with superficial aspects.

His comments were shallow and did not address the main issue.

• The article offers a shallow overview of a complex topic.
• Critics argued that the documentary's narrative was shallow and repetitive.
• In graduate seminars, professors discourage shallow interpretations of classic texts.
• The committee rejected the proposal because it provided only a shallow justification for the budget increase.

• shallow analysis · yüzeysel analiz The paper received criticism for its shallow analysis of the data.
• shallow argument · yüzeysel argüman During the debate, he presented only a shallow argument without supporting evidence.
• a shallow person He seems a rather shallow person.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

akıntı, akım

a flow of water, air, or electricity moving in a particular direction

The river's current carried the leaves downstream.

• A strong electric current can cause a short circuit in devices.
• Scientists measured the speed of the ocean current near the coast.
• Researchers are modeling how climate change will alter global ocean currents.

• electric current · elektrik akımı The circuit was damaged because of an unexpected electric current.
• ocean current · okyanus akıntısı Marine biologists study how ocean currents affect fish migration.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1çözüm, yanıt

an answer to or way of dealing with a problem, question, or difficulty

The teacher asked the class to write a solution for the math problem.

• After hours of discussion, they finally reached a solution.
• Engineers tested several prototypes before selecting the best solution.
• The company's solution to reduce waste involves recycling and redesign.
• Critics argued that the proposed solution oversimplified the complex social issue.

• find a solution · bir çözüm bulmak The team worked hard to find a solution to the data loss issue.
• proposed solution · önerilen çözüm Her proposed solution was accepted by the committee.
• solution to sth We need a solution to the funding problem.
• solution for sth The new software provides a solution for remote collaboration.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2çözelti

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, typically a liquid in which a solid is dissolved

The chemist prepared a solution by mixing the powder with distilled water.

• Students learned how to calculate the concentration of a solution in the lab.
• A saline solution is often used to clean wounds and hydrate patients.
• The researchers observed that the solution became cloudy after adding the reagent.
• Advanced spectroscopy revealed the molecular structure of the solution.

• aqueous solution · sulu çözelti The experiment required an aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
• concentrated solution · konsantre çözelti A concentrated solution of the drug was administered intravenously.
• a solution of sth The solution of sugar in water was clear and colorless.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

dış yüzey, dış katman

the outermost layer of an object or material

The paint covered the surface of the wall evenly.

• Scientists studied the surface of the moon for signs of water.
• A smooth surface helps the machine operate more efficiently.
• The detective noticed a faint crack on the surface of the glass.
• Understanding the surface tension of liquids is crucial in advanced chemistry.

• surface area · yüzey alanı The surface area of the sphere determines how much paint is needed.
• rough surface · pürüzlü yüzey The road has a rough surface that makes driving uncomfortable.
• on the surface of sth Snow melted on the surface of the lake during sunrise.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

mümkün kılmak, sağlamak

to give someone the means or ability to do something

The new feature enables faster data entry for staff.

• Our training program enables employees to improve their skills.
• By lowering interest rates, the government hopes to enable more home purchases.
• The breakthrough in battery technology will enable electric cars to travel longer distances without recharging.
• Researchers aim to enable autonomous drones to navigate complex urban environments safely.

• enable access · erişimi mümkün kılmak The new password policy will enable access to the secure server.
• enable sb to do sth The scholarship enabled her to study abroad.
• enable sth to do sth The software enables the computer to run multiple applications simultaneously.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1fark etmek, algılamak

to discover or notice something that is not obvious or is hidden

The doctor detected an early sign of infection in the blood test.

• She detected a subtle change in his tone during the conversation.
• The security system detected an unauthorized entry at midnight.
• Researchers detected a correlation between sleep patterns and memory retention.
• Advanced satellites can detect minute variations in Earth's magnetic field.

• detect a problem · bir sorunu fark etmek The engineer detected a problem in the circuit before it caused a failure.
• detect a signal · bir sinyali algılamak

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2tespit etmek, belirlemek

to identify the presence, existence, or nature of something, especially by using instruments or analysis

The microscope detected bacteria that were invisible to the naked eye.

• Engineers detected stress fractures in the bridge during the inspection.
• Astronomers detected a new exoplanet orbiting a distant star.
• The forensic team detected traces of DNA at the crime scene.
• Climate models detected subtle shifts in ocean temperature over decades.

• detect contamination · kirliliği tespit etmek The lab tests detected contamination in the water sample.
• detect anomalies · anormallikleri belirlemek The software detects anomalies in network traffic.
• detect sth in sth The instrument detected pollutants in the air.
• be detected by sth The disease can be detected by analyzing blood samples.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

iletişim, temas

a person or thing that one communicates with or touches; the act of communicating or touching

She gave me her phone number so we could stay in contact.

• The astronaut lost contact with mission control during the storm.
• I need to make contact with the admissions office about my application.
• Despite the distance, they maintain regular contact through video calls.
• The sudden loss of contact with the satellite raised concerns among engineers.

• make contact · iletişim kurmak The researcher tried to make contact with the local community.
• lose contact · iletişimi kaybetmek After moving abroad, she lost contact with many of her old friends.
• keep in contact with sb He keeps in contact with his former professor via email.
• make contact with sb The company will establish contact with suppliers next week.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1yaklaşmak

to move closer to someone or something in distance or time

The hikers approached the summit as the sun set.

• She approached the manager to discuss her promotion.
• As winter approached, the city prepared its snow removal plan.
• When the deadline approached, the staff worked overtime to finish the report.

• approach the deadline · son teslim tarihine yaklaşmak The team is approaching the deadline with several tasks unfinished.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2ele almak, yaklaşmak

to deal with a subject or task in a particular way

The scientist approached the research question with rigorous methodology.

• Teachers should approach the curriculum with flexibility to meet diverse needs.
• The lawyer approached the case by gathering all relevant evidence first.
• When approaching a complex theory, break it down into simpler components.
• International negotiations often require parties to approach the dispute with mutual respect.

• approach the issue · konuya yönelmek The committee will approach the issue from a multidisciplinary perspective.
• approach the topic · konuyu ele almak In her essay, she approaches the topic with critical analysis.
• approach sth with sth He approached the project with enthusiasm.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

esaret, tutsaklık

the state of being kept in confinement or under the control of another

The zoo kept the tiger in captivity for many years.

• Many activists protest against animal captivity in modern zoos.
• Scientists monitor the health of whales that have lived in captivity for decades.
• Historical accounts reveal how political prisoners endured long periods of captivity under harsh conditions.
• Ethical debates continue about the legitimacy of keeping intelligent mammals in captivity for research and entertainment purposes.

• in captivity · esaret içinde The rescued animals spent years in captivity before being released.
• life in captivity · esaret hayatı Researchers studied the psychological effects of life in captivity on primates.
• keep sth in captivity Authorities keep endangered species in captivity to protect them from poachers.
• be held in captivity The journalist was held in captivity for three months before being freed.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

toplum, topluluk, camia

a group of people living in the same area or sharing common interests or characteristics

The small town has a close-knit community that looks after each other.

• Students formed a study community to prepare for the final exams.
• The community center offers free classes for seniors every weekend.
• Researchers examined how online communities influence political opinions.
• Urban planners aim to design neighborhoods that foster a sense of community among residents.
• The conference created a community of practice for data scientists.
• Faculty members discuss how to strengthen the academic community at the university.
• The project's success relied on a strong community of interdisciplinary researchers.
• Policy makers are urged to consider the impact of legislation on the broader community of stakeholders.
• Through open-source platforms, developers worldwide contribute to a global coding community.

• local community · yerel topluluk The local community organized a clean-up day for the park.
• online community · çevrimiçi topluluk She joined an online community of language learners.
• community of practice · uygulama topluluğu A community of practice develops standards for software engineering.
• shared community values · ortak topluluk değerleri The university promotes shared community values such as integrity and respect.
• build a community The organization aims to build a collaborative research community.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

zenginlik, servet

the abundance of valuable possessions or money; the state of having great material resources

She saved a portion of her salary each month to build wealth.

• The country's wealth grew rapidly after the discovery of oil.
• Many people equate wealth with happiness, though this is not always true.
• Philosophers have long debated whether the pursuit of wealth undermines moral development.

• accumulate wealth · servet biriktirmek She managed to accumulate wealth through careful investments.
• wealth of resources · bol kaynak The region has a wealth of natural resources.
• amass wealth He worked hard to amass wealth for his family.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yok olma, neslin tükenmesi

the state or process of a species, language, or other entity ceasing to exist

The dodo bird faced extinction after humans arrived.

• Scientists study past extinctions to understand current threats.
• Climate change accelerates the risk of extinction for many marine species.
• Policy makers must allocate resources to mitigate extinction driven by illegal wildlife trade.
• Interdisciplinary research reveals that genetic bottlenecks can precipitate rapid extinction in isolated populations.

• mass extinction · kitlesel yok olma The dinosaurs were wiped out during a mass extinction event.
• prevent extinction · yok oluşu önlemek Conservationists work to prevent extinction of endangered species.
• be at risk of extinction Many amphibian species are currently at risk of extinction.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

soyu tükenmiş

no longer existing; having no living members or examples

The passenger pigeon was once abundant but is now extinct.

• Scientists study extinct animals to understand past ecosystems.
• The museum displayed fossils of an extinct marine reptile.
• Climate change threatens species that could become extinct within decades.
• Conservationists argue that protecting habitats can prevent more species from becoming extinct.

• extinct species · soyu tükenmiş tür The dodo is an extinct species that disappeared in the 17th century.
• have become extinct Several plant varieties have become extinct due to habitat loss.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

tehdit etmek

to state an intention to cause harm or damage to someone

The teacher threatened the class with extra homework.

• She threatened him with a fine if he arrived late.
• The country threatened to impose sanctions next month.
• He threatened the opponent with a legal battle over the patent.
• The activist threatened to protest unless the policy changed.

• threaten with · tehdit etmek (... ile) The manager threatened the staff with dismissal.
• threaten to · tehdit etmek (... yapmaya) She threatened to quit if the deadline was moved.
• threaten sb with sth He threatened the neighbor with a lawsuit.
• threaten to do sth They threatened to strike tomorrow.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

tehdit

a statement or indication of intent to cause harm, damage, or undesirable consequences

The police warned the crowd about the possible threat of violence.

• She felt a constant threat of being laid off during the merger.
• Environmental groups cite climate change as a growing threat to ecosystems.
• The cyber-attack presented a significant threat to the company's data security.
• International negotiations aim to reduce the nuclear threat and promote peace.

• pose a threat · tehdit oluşturmak The new virus poses a serious threat to public health.
• threat of · -nin tehdidi The threat of flooding forced residents to evacuate.
• a threat to sth Pollution is a threat to wildlife.
• under threat Many species are under threat because of habitat loss.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1-e bakmak, -e dönük olmak

to be directed toward something; to look at or toward a particular direction

The statue faces the main road of the town.

• When you stand at the window, you face the garden.
• The new office faces the city center, providing a great view.
• During the presentation, the speaker faced the audience and spoke clearly.

• face north · kuzeye bakmak The house faces north, so it gets little sunlight.
• face the camera · kameraya bakmak Please face the camera while you speak.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2yüzleşmek, karşı karşıya kalmak

to confront or deal with a difficult situation or person

The company will face a major restructuring next quarter.

• Students must face the pressure of upcoming exams.
• After the accident, the driver faced legal consequences.
• Scientists are forced to face the reality of climate change impacts.
• The team faced intense competition from international rivals during the tournament.

• face a problem · bir sorunla yüzleşmek
• face criticism · eleştirilerle yüzleşmek The author faced harsh criticism after the book's release.
• face sth with sth He faced the challenge with determination.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1katkı, sağlanan fayda

something, such as money or effort, that is given to help achieve or support a common goal

The student's essay included a small contribution to the class discussion.

• Local businesses made contributions to rebuild the community center after the flood.
• Her innovative ideas were a major contribution to the company's success.
• The research paper acknowledges each author's contribution to the methodology.
• International collaborations can lead to groundbreaking contributions in astrophysics.

• make a contribution · katkı sağlamak She made a valuable contribution to the research project.
• significant contribution · önemli katkı His findings represent a significant contribution to climate science.
• make a contribution to sth Scientists contribute to the development of new vaccines.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2bağış, bağışlama

the act of giving money, goods, or time to a cause or organization

He made a generous contribution to the disaster relief fund.

• The museum relies on public contributions to maintain its collections.
• During the campaign, supporters were encouraged to make monthly contributions.
• Tax-advantaged contributions can increase the long-term value of retirement savings.
• The university's endowment grew significantly after several large contributions from alumni.

• financial contribution · maddi bağış The foundation received a large financial contribution from an anonymous donor.
• make a contribution to sth She made a generous contribution to the charity.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

katkıda bulunmak, katkı sağlamak

to give something, such as money, ideas, or effort, to a common cause or project

She contributes to the class discussions every Monday.

• The company contributes funds to support community education programs.
• Scientists contribute data that improve climate-change models worldwide.
• By contributing original research, the graduate student enhanced the department's reputation.
• Their collaborative effort contributed significantly to the breakthrough in renewable-energy technology.
• His innovative design contributed to the product's marketability.
• The study contributes to the existing literature on social behavior.
• Volunteer work can contribute to personal growth and community resilience.
• Their interdisciplinary approach contributed to a more comprehensive analysis of the data.
• By integrating diverse perspectives, the conference contributed to advancing global health policies.

• contribute money · para bağışlamak She decided to contribute money to the charity fundraiser.
• contribute ideas · fikir sunmak Team members are encouraged to contribute ideas during the brainstorming session.
• contribute to success · başarıya katkı sağlamak Effective communication can greatly contribute to the success of a project.
• contribute to knowledge · bilgiye katkı sağlamak Publishing peer-reviewed articles allows researchers to contribute to knowledge in their field.
• contribute to sth He contributed to the research project with his statistical expertise.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

onaylamak, tasvip etmek

to give official consent or permission for something

The manager will approve your leave request tomorrow.

• The board approved the merger after careful review.
• The university approved the scholarship program for under-represented students.
• International regulators approved the vaccine following extensive clinical trials.
• Parents often approve of their children's choices.
• He does not approve of loud music after midnight.
• We all approve of the plan to plant more trees.
• The teacher approved of the student's innovative project.
• Critics widely approve of the director's bold storytelling style.

• approve a proposal · bir teklifi onaylamak The committee approved the research proposal last Friday.
• approve the budget · bütçeyi onaylamak Parliament approved the national budget for the next fiscal year.
• approve of the decision · kararı beğenmek I really approve of the decision to reduce plastic waste.
• approve a plan The council approved the plan.
• approve of sth/doing sth He does not approve of smoking in public places.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1yabancı, dışarıdan gelen

relating to something or someone that is not native or familiar; foreign.

The new policy felt alien to many employees.

• His ideas were alien to the traditional ways of the village.
• The technology seemed alien to people who had never used computers before.
• When she moved abroad, the customs were completely alien to her.
• The researcher argued that the theoretical framework was alien to contemporary scientific discourse.

• alien culture · yabancı kültür She studied the alien culture to understand its customs.
• alien language · yabancı dil Learning an alien language can be challenging for travelers.
• be alien to sb The concept was alien to most of the students.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2uzaylıyla ilgili, dünya dışı

pertaining to beings or phenomena originating from outside Earth; extraterrestrial.

Astronomers have discovered signals that might indicate alien intelligence.

• The documentary explored the possibility of alien civilizations in the galaxy.
• Researchers analyzed soil samples for signs of alien microorganisms.
• The novel imagines a future where humans coexist with alien species on Earth.
• Debates about alien rights have emerged as space exploration advances.

• alien life · uzaylı yaşamı Scientists continue to search for evidence of alien life.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1odaklanmak, yoğunlaşmak

to direct one's attention or mental effort towards a particular object, task, or subject

She concentrates while reading the textbook every night.

• The researcher concentrated on the data collected from the survey.
• During the exam, it is important to concentrate on each question carefully.
• If you concentrate your thoughts, you can solve complex problems more efficiently.
• The professor emphasized that students must concentrate on critical analysis to achieve high marks.

• concentrate on · odaklanmak She needs to concentrate on her thesis this semester.
• concentrate on sth/doing sth He concentrated on solving the equation.
• concentrate one's efforts on sth The team concentrated their efforts on improving the prototype.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2konsantre etmek, yoğunlaştırmak

to make a substance stronger or more dense by removing some of its diluting component

The lab technician concentrated the sample before analysis.

• Manufacturers often concentrate fruit juice to lower transportation costs.
• By concentrating the broth, the chef enhanced its flavor.
• Researchers concentrated the bacterial culture to increase colony count for the experiment.
• In the pharmaceutical industry, compounds are frequently concentrated to achieve the required potency.

• concentrate a solution · çözeltinin yoğunluğunu artırmak The chemist concentrated the solution by evaporating the solvent.
• concentrate the juice · suyu yoğunlaştırmak They concentrated the apple juice to reduce the packaging size.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1bırakmak, terk etmek

to leave someone or something behind permanently, often without intending to return

The child felt scared when his mother abandoned him at the park.

• After the storm, the fishermen had to abandon their boats on the shore.

• abandon ship · gemiyi terk etmek When the hull started to flood, the crew had to abandon ship immediately.
• abandon a project · bir projeyi terk etmek The company decided to abandon the project after the budget overruns.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2vazgeçmek, feragat etmek

to give up or cease to pursue something, often because it is difficult or no longer desirable

She decided to abandon her dream of becoming a professional athlete.

• The investors abandoned the proposal after the market became unstable.
• He abandoned his claim of innocence when new evidence emerged.
• The committee abandoned the original framework and drafted a new one.
• Scientists abandoned the outdated theory in light of recent discoveries.

katılmak

to take part in an activity or event

The children will participate in the school play tomorrow.

• She decided to participate in the charity run for health awareness.
• Researchers invite scholars to participate in the interdisciplinary workshop.
• Despite his busy schedule, he managed to participate actively in the community forum.
• The multinational team was praised for how each member participated in developing the innovative solution.

• participate in · katılmak She will participate in the conference next week.
• participate actively · aktif olarak katılmak Students are encouraged to participate actively during class discussions.
• participate in sth They decided to participate in the research project.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

katılımcı, iştirak eden kişi

a person who takes part in an activity or event

The conference welcomed each participant with a welcome packet.

• During the experiment, every participant followed the same instructions.
• She felt confident as a participant in the university debate team.
• The study reported that participants who exercised regularly showed better results.
• International scholars praised the participant from Brazil for her insightful contributions.

• active participant · etkin katılımcı She was an active participant in the workshop.
• key participant · önemli katılımcı He became a key participant in the research project.
• a participant in sth She was a participant in the study.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

varsayım, kabul, öngörü

a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof

The teacher asked us to list every assumption in the argument.

• She questioned the assumption that all students learn the same way.
• Economists often rely on the assumption that consumers act rationally.
• His hypothesis was built on the assumption that the data were accurate and unbiased.
• Critics argued that the entire theory collapses when the central assumption about climate sensitivity is disproven.

• underlying assumption · temel varsayım The model's underlying assumption is that markets are efficient.
• make an assumption Don't make assumptions about people.
• on the assumption that … The policy was designed based on the assumption that demand would increase.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

varsaymak, kabul etmek

to take something as true without proof or evidence; to accept something as a fact or as a responsibility

I assume you will attend the lecture tomorrow.

• The scientist assumed the hypothesis was correct before testing it.
• Critics assume that the author intended a deeper meaning in the novel.

• assume that … I assume that the meeting will start on time.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yararlanmak, fayda sağlamak

to receive an advantage or to give an advantage to someone or something

The training will benefit all new employees.

• She hopes the grant will benefit her research project.
• Many people benefit from regular exercise and a balanced diet.
• The legislation is designed to benefit small businesses struggling in the current market.
• By adopting renewable energy sources, societies can benefit both economically and environmentally.

• benefit from · yararlanmak, fayda sağlamak She will benefit from the new scholarship program.
• benefit the community · topluma fayda sağlamak The new park will benefit the community by providing green space.
• benefit from sth Students can benefit from extra tutoring sessions.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1yanıt, cevap

a verbal or written answer to a question, request, or situation

The teacher asked a question and waited for a response.

• After the interview, she wrote a polite response to thank the panel.
• The company's delayed response to customer complaints caused a loss of trust.
• In academic conferences, a thoughtful response to criticism can strengthen a research argument.

• prompt response · hızlı yanıt She gave a prompt response to the email.
• official response · resmi yanıt The government issued an official response to the allegations.
• in response to sth She smiled in response to his question.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2tepki, reaksiyon

a reaction to a stimulus, event, or situation, often indicating an emotional or physiological change

The sudden loud noise caused an immediate response from the startled crowd.

• Researchers studied the cellular response to the new drug in laboratory tests.
• Her calm response to criticism impressed the interview panel.
• The government's fiscal response to the recession was criticized by economists.
• In cognitive psychology, the response latency is an important metric for decision-making studies.

• immune response · bağışıklık tepkisi The vaccine triggers an immune response that protects against infection.
• stress response · stres tepkisi The body's stress response includes increased heart rate and cortisol release.
• elicit a response from sb The provocative article elicited a strong response from readers.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

rekabetçi, yarışmacı

having a strong desire to compete and to win; characterized by competition.

The school encourages a competitive spirit among its students.

• His competitive nature drives him to practice piano for hours each day.
• Many startups struggle to stay competitive when larger firms dominate the market.
• The athlete's competitive edge was evident during the intense championship match.
• Policy makers must design regulations that foster a competitive environment without compromising fairness.

• competitive market · rekabetçi pazar The company thrives in a highly competitive market.
• competitive price · rekabetçi fiyat Consumers are attracted by the competitive price of the new smartphone.
• competitive edge · rekabet avantajı Innovation gives the firm a clear competitive edge.
• be competitive in sth She is very competitive in mathematics competitions.
• remain competitive Companies must remain competitive to survive in the global economy.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

benzer, aynı

having similar characteristics or qualities; being the same in nature or appearance

The twins look alike and often get mistaken for each other.

• Although they grew up in different cities, their values are alike.
• Researchers found that the neural patterns of the two subjects were remarkably alike, suggesting a common learning strategy.

• alike in appearance · görünüşte benzer The two paintings are alike in appearance, making it hard to tell them apart.
• alike in taste · tat bakımından benzer These two wines are alike in taste, both having a subtle fruity note.
• be alike in sth The brothers are alike in their sense of humor.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

memnuniyetsizlik

the feeling of not being content or pleased with something

Many shoppers feel dissatisfaction when prices rise quickly.

• The survey revealed high levels of dissatisfaction among voters.
• His dissatisfaction with the results led him to request a re-evaluation.
• Despite the company's efforts, employee dissatisfaction persisted throughout the year.
• Addressing systemic dissatisfaction requires comprehensive policy reforms and transparent communication.

• express dissatisfaction · memnuniyetsizliğini ifade etmek The customers expressed dissatisfaction with the delayed service.
• dissatisfaction among employees · çalışanlar arasında memnuniyetsizlik There is growing dissatisfaction among employees about the new policy.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

memnun olmayan, tatmin olmamış

not feeling content or pleased with something; lacking satisfaction

She felt dissatisfied after the meeting ended abruptly.

• The client was dissatisfied with the delayed delivery of the product.
• Many employees remain dissatisfied because of the lack of promotion opportunities.
• Despite the high salary, he stayed dissatisfied due to the stressful work environment.
• The government's failure to address climate concerns left the public increasingly dissatisfied and demanding action.

• dissatisfied with · memnun olmayan (şey/kişi) She was dissatisfied with the quality of the service.
• dissatisfied customer · memnun olmayan müşteri The company received a complaint from a dissatisfied customer.
• be dissatisfied with sth Many students are dissatisfied with the new grading policy.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

katılık, sertlik

the quality of being stiff, inflexible, or unyielding

The material's rigidity makes it ideal for building frames.

• His rigidity prevented him from accepting any new ideas during the meeting.
• Scientists study rigidity to understand how proteins fold under stress.
• The rigidity of the legal system can sometimes hinder innovative solutions to complex problems.
• Despite the project's complexity, the team's commitment to maintaining structural rigidity ensured the final product met all safety standards.

• structural rigidity · yapısal katılık The engineer increased the structural rigidity of the bridge to withstand strong winds.
• rigidity of the schedule · programın katılığı The rigidity of the schedule left no room for unexpected delays.
• the rigidity of sth The rigidity of the rules frustrated staff.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

katı, sert

not able to be bent or flexed; firm and unyielding in shape or structure

The plastic pipe is too rigid to fit into the narrow opening.

• Engineers tested the rigid frame for resistance to stress.
• A rigid material can break easily when subjected to sudden impact.
• Despite the extreme pressure, the rigid crystal lattice maintained its shape.
• The manager's rigid attitude made it difficult for employees to suggest improvements.
• Students struggled with the rigid curriculum that allowed no elective courses.
• Her rigid interpretation of the law ignored the nuanced context of the case.
• Even after the feedback, the committee remained rigid in its decision-making process.
• Critics argue that a rigid approach to education stifles creativity and critical thinking.

• rigid material · katı madde The bridge was built with a rigid material to withstand heavy loads.
• rigid structure · katı yapı The building's rigid structure prevented any noticeable sway during the earthquake.
• rigid mindset · katı düşünce yapısı A rigid mindset can hinder innovative problem solving in research teams.
• rigid policy · katı politika The university's rigid policy on plagiarism left little room for discretion.
• rigid plastic The case is made of rigid plastic.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

hayal kırıklığı, düş kırıklığı

the feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed

She felt disillusionment after the movie failed to meet expectations.

• The students' disillusionment grew when the promised scholarships were withdrawn.
• Political scandals often generate deep disillusionment within the electorate.
• His disillusionment with the corporate culture led him to start his own venture.
• The prolonged conflict has fostered a profound sense of disillusionment among the population.

• experience disillusionment · hayal kırıklığı yaşamak Many volunteers experience disillusionment after seeing the harsh realities of the project.
• lead to disillusionment · hayal kırıklığına yol açmak Unrealistic promises often lead to disillusionment among new employees.
• a sense of disillusionment Voters felt a sense of disillusionment.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey