ODTÜ 301 Span 2

1gerektirmek, zorunlu kılmak

to need something as a necessary condition or to make something necessary

The exam requires you to answer all multiple-choice questions.

• Our company requires each employee to wear an ID badge.
• The new law requires drivers to carry proof of insurance at all times.
• Researchers require accurate data to draw reliable conclusions from their experiments.
• International agreements often require signatory nations to implement comprehensive environmental policies.

• require a permit · izin gerektirmek You require a permit to park in this area.
• require immediate attention · derhal müdahale gerektirmek The broken pipe requires immediate attention.
• require sb to do sth The teacher requires students to submit their essays by Friday.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2talep etmek, istemek

to ask for something to be given or done, often as a condition

The professor requires a bibliography for every research paper.

• Our client requires a detailed timeline before the project can begin.
• The visa application requires proof of financial stability.
• Scientific journals often require that authors disclose any potential conflicts of interest.
• International treaties require that signatory states implement measurable emission-reduction targets.

• require evidence · kanıt talep etmek The committee requires evidence to support the claim.
• require approval · onay talep etmek All changes to the protocol require prior approval from the supervisor.
• require sth of sb What exactly is required of me?
• require that … The policy requires that all employees attend the safety training.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

gereklilik, şart

a thing that is needed or demanded, especially as a condition for something else to happen or be achieved

The job posting lists a requirement for two years of experience.

• Students must fulfill the language requirement before graduating.
• Safety regulations set a strict requirement for fire exits in the building.
• Despite the high requirement, she managed to secure the scholarship through hard work.

• minimum requirement · asgari şart A bachelor's degree is the minimum requirement for this position.
• meet the requirements She meets all the requirements for the job.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

gerekli, zorunlu

needed or demanded; obligatory

The school handbook lists the required uniforms for all students.

• You must bring the required documents to the visa interview.
• The lab technician explained the required safety procedures before the experiment began.

• required reading · okunması zorunlu metin The professor assigned required reading for the first week of class.
• required field · doldurulması zorunlu alan When you register online, the email address is a required field.
• required permission · gerekli izin You need required permission before accessing the secure server.
• be required to do sth Students are required to submit their essays by Friday.
• the required documents Bring all the required documents.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

nüfus

the total number of people living in a particular area or country

The city has a population of about one million people.

• Rapid population growth puts pressure on natural resources.
• Researchers studied the population distribution across the continent.
• Government policies aim to control population decline in rural areas.
• Demographers predict that the global population will reach ten billion by 2050.

• population growth · nüfus artışı The country's population growth has slowed in recent years.
• population density · nüfus yoğunluğu High population density can strain urban infrastructure.
• urban population · kentsel nüfus More than half of the urban population commutes by public transport.
• the population of sth The population of Japan is aging rapidly.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1uzanmak, dokunmak

to stretch out an arm or hand in order to touch or grasp something

He reached for the glass and knocked it over.

• The child tried to reach the toy on the high shelf.
• She reached across the table to grab the pen.
• During the game, the player reached the ball just before it hit the ground.

• reach for the book · kitaba uzanmak She reached for the book on the top shelf.
• reach for sth He reached for the glass.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2varmak, ulaşmak

to arrive at a place or achieve a particular point in time or distance

The train will reach the city at 6 p.m.

• She hopes to reach her hometown before sunset.
• Our project must reach the final stage by next month.
• After months of study, he finally reached the level required for the exam.
• The expedition reached the remote village after a week of trekking.

• reach the summit · zirveye ulaşmak After a long climb, they finally reached the summit.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

inşaat, yapım, yapı

the process of building or assembling something, especially a large project

Construction of the highway started in early 2022.

• The company specializes in sustainable construction methods.
• Students studied construction management as part of their engineering curriculum.
• Unexpected weather conditions can halt construction for several days.
• Innovations in construction are reshaping how cities expand in the 21st century.
• Modern construction often uses sustainable materials.
• The city council approved the construction plan after a lengthy review.

• construction phase · inşa aşaması During the construction phase, engineers monitor structural integrity.
• construction techniques · inşa teknikleri Advanced construction techniques reduce waste and improve efficiency.
• high-rise construction · yüksek katlı inşaat High-rise construction requires careful planning and safety measures.
• be under construction The new bridge is under construction.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

çok büyük, muazzam

extremely large or great in size, amount, or degree.

The library contains an immense collection of rare books.

• Scientists measured the immense pressure at the ocean floor.
• The city faced an immense challenge after the flood damaged infrastructure.
• Her speech conveyed an immense sense of hope for the future.
• The novel explores the immense complexities of human relationships.

• immense amount · çok büyük miktar The project required an immense amount of funding.
• immense impact · çok büyük etki Her discovery had an immense impact on the field of genetics.
• immense size · çok büyük boyut The whale is known for its immense size.
• be of immense importance This research is of immense importance to climate science.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yüzmek, süzülmek, havada kalmak

to remain on the surface of a liquid without sinking or to stay suspended in the air

The small boat began to float on the calm lake.

• During the experiment, the oil droplets will float in water.
• The child learned to float without moving his arms.
• A helium balloon can float for days if the seal is tight.
• The engineers designed a device that can float above the surface using magnetic levitation.

• float on water · suda yüzmek The leaf began to float on water after it fell from the tree.
• float in the air · havada süzülmek The balloon will float in the air for several hours.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kalıcı, sürekli, değişmez

lasting or intended to last indefinitely without change

The paint on the wall is permanent and will not fade quickly.

• He got a permanent job after months of temporary contracts.
• Scientists are searching for a permanent cure for the disease.
• The decision to make the park a permanent green space was praised by locals.
• Despite the political turmoil, the constitutional amendment remained permanent and shaped future legislation.

• permanent solution · kalıcı çözüm The engineers finally found a permanent solution to the flooding problem.
• permanent address · daimi adres Please send all official letters to my permanent address in Istanbul.
• permanent resident · daimi ikamet eden After five years, she applied for permanent resident status in Canada.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

geçici

lasting only for a short period of time; not permanent

The school set up a temporary classroom for the new students.

• She used a temporary password to log into the system.
• The government announced a temporary tax relief for small businesses.
• Researchers consider the observed effect to be temporary and plan further studies.
• Even though the contract is temporary, both parties are committed to high performance.

• temporary solution · geçici çözüm The committee proposed a temporary solution to the budget shortfall.
• temporary staff · geçici personel During the summer, the company hired temporary staff to cover the workload.
• temporary measure · geçici önlem Closing the road was a temporary measure while repairs were completed.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1basınç, zorlayıcı etki

the force exerted per unit area on an object or the influence that makes someone act in a certain way

High blood pressure can lead to serious health problems.

• Scientists study atmospheric pressure to improve weather forecasts.
• The teacher explained how pressure is measured in pascals.

• apply pressure · basınç uygulamak The surgeon applied pressure to stop the bleeding.
• under pressure · baskı altında She performed well even when she was under pressure.
• pressure on sb There is increasing pressure on the government to act.
• pressure to do sth He felt pressure to finish the project quickly.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2zihinsel stres, baskı

the mental or emotional strain caused by demanding circumstances or expectations

College students frequently experience academic pressure.

• Parents worry about the pressure their children face at school.
• The athlete described the pressure of competing in the finals.
• Excessive pressure at work can affect mental health negatively.
• Managing pressure effectively is a key skill for leaders.

• peer pressure · akran baskısı Teenagers often succumb to peer pressure.
• work pressure · iş baskısı Work pressure can lead to burnout if not managed.
• be under pressure She is under a lot of pressure at work.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1erişim, ulaşım

the ability or right to approach, enter, or use something

The website provides free access to its basic features.

• Researchers requested access to the clinical trial data.
• Remote workers often need secure access to the company network.
• The museum restricts access to the painting during restoration.
• Policy changes will improve public access to government records.

• access to information · bilgiye erişim Students need reliable access to information for their research.
• limited access · sınırlı erişim The archive offers limited access to rare manuscripts.
• have access to sth She has access to the university library's digital resources.
• give sb access to sth The administrator granted access to the new software for all staff.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2giriş, giriş yolu

a point or means of entering a place or system

The highway offers easy access to the coastal towns.

• Visitors must use the side access during the construction period.
• The campus map shows the pedestrian access points clearly.
• Emergency responders rely on rapid access to the affected area.
• Urban planners are redesigning the district to improve public access.

• main access · ana giriş The main access to the building is through the front lobby.
• restricted access · kısıtlı giriş Only authorized personnel have restricted access to the server room.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

uyum sağlamak, uyarlamak, adapte olmak

to modify or adjust something so that it fits new conditions or requirements; to become accustomed to a new environment or situation

The new student tried to adapt to the school schedule.

• Researchers adapted the experiment for a larger sample size.
• She had to adapt her presentation for an international audience.
• Animals that cannot adapt to climate change face extinction risks.
• The curriculum was adapted to incorporate recent scientific discoveries.

• adapt to · uyum sağlamak She quickly adapted to the new classroom routine.
• adapt for · uyarlamak The textbook was adapted for younger readers.
• adapt to sth The species adapted to the harsh climate over generations.
• adapt sth for sth Engineers adapted the design for use in colder regions.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

deney, sınama

a controlled procedure carried out to discover or verify something

The chemistry class performed a simple experiment with vinegar and baking soda.

• He set up an experiment to measure the effect of sleep on memory.
• The lab's experiment required precise temperature control and calibrated instruments.
• After months of data collection, the experiment revealed unexpected patterns in the climate model.
• Critics argued that the experiment's methodology was flawed, compromising the validity of its conclusions.

• conduct an experiment · deney yürütmek The researchers will conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis.
• do an experiment · deney yapmak The students did an experiment in the chemistry lab.
• experimental results · deney sonuçları The experimental results were published in a peer-reviewed journal.
• carry out an experiment She plans to carry out an experiment on plant growth under different lights.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

tam, bütün

complete with no part left out; whole.

The entire class listened to the lecture attentively.

• She spent the entire weekend studying for the exam.
• The entire building was evacuated after the fire alarm.
• Researchers analyzed the entire dataset to ensure accuracy.
• Despite the challenges, the entire project was completed ahead of schedule.

• the entire team · tüm takım The entire team attended the workshop.
• the entire country · bütün ülke The entire country celebrated the victory.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

tamamen, bütünüyle

to a full extent; completely; without any limitation or exception

The lecture was entirely clear for the beginners.

• She felt entirely safe after the security check.
• The committee was entirely unaware of the new policy changes.
• Despite the criticism, the researcher remained entirely committed to the study.
• The novel's themes are entirely rooted in the complexities of modern urban life.

• entirely different · tamamen farklı The two proposals are entirely different in scope.
• entirely convinced · tamamen ikna olmuş She was entirely convinced that the experiment would succeed.
• entirely dependent · tamamen bağımlı The region is entirely dependent on imported oil.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

empati

the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person

She felt empathy when she heard about the accident.

• Doctors need empathy to communicate effectively with patients.
• The novel explores empathy as a way to bridge cultural differences.
• Researchers study how empathy develops in early childhood education.
• In diplomatic negotiations, empathy can help resolve long-standing conflicts.

• show empathy · empati göstermek The teacher always tries to show empathy toward her students.
• empathy towards · ...'ye karşı empati He felt a deep empathy towards the victims of the disaster.
• lack of empathy · empati eksikliği A lack of empathy can lead to misunderstandings in the workplace.
• have empathy for sb She has empathy for people who are struggling with anxiety.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

empati kurmak, halinden anlamak

to understand and share the feelings of another person

She empathizes with her classmates when they feel stressed about exams.

• The counselor tried to empathize with the teenager's anxiety during the session.
• Researchers emphasize that teachers should empathize with diverse student backgrounds.
• By empathizing with the community's concerns, the city council drafted a more inclusive policy.
• Empathizing with the refugee's trauma requires careful listening and cultural sensitivity.

• empathize with · duygularını paylaşmak She could truly empathize with the victims of the disaster.
• deeply empathize · derinden duygularını paylaşmak He deeply empathized with his friend's loss.
• empathize with sb It is important to empathize with patients during treatment.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1bakış açısı, görüş

a particular way of looking at something; a point of view

She explained the issue from her own perspective.

• The manager asked the team to consider the project from a customer perspective.
• Reading literature from various perspectives can deepen understanding.
• His perspective on climate change shifted after attending the conference.
• The professor encouraged students to adopt a multidisciplinary perspective when analyzing the data.

• different perspective · farklı bakış açısı She offered a different perspective on the problem.
• from a … perspective From an economic perspective, the policy is unsustainable.
• broaden one's perspective Traveling can broaden one's perspective.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2perspektif

the technique used in art to represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface

The artist used perspective to give depth to the landscape painting.

• Students learned how to draw objects using perspective in their art class.
• Architects often rely on perspective to visualize how a structure will appear.
• The museum exhibit demonstrated how perspective changed the perception of space over centuries.
• Advanced graphic software can simulate perspective to help designers create realistic 3-D models.

• linear perspective · doğrusal perspektif Renaissance painters mastered linear perspective to create realistic scenes.
• one-point perspective · tek noktalı perspektif The hallway was drawn using one-point perspective.
• in perspective The drawing is not in perspective.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

ayrı

existing or occurring apart from something else; not joined or connected

The twins have separate bedrooms in the house.

• Please keep the chemicals in separate containers for safety.
• The report treats each case as a separate instance.
• Researchers analyzed the data as separate variables to avoid bias.
• The committee decided to treat the funding request as a separate agenda item.
• She filled out a separate form for the scholarship application.
• The school provides a separate locker for each student.
• We need a separate plan for the weekend trip.
• The study required a separate analysis of each demographic group.
• The university offers a separate scholarship program for international students.

• separate room · ayrı oda She rented a separate room for her studies.
• separate issue · ayrı konu We will discuss that as a separate issue later.
• be separate from sth The kitchen is separate from the living room.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1ayırmak

to cause two or more things to be apart or divided

Please separate the recyclable materials from the trash.

• The manager decided to separate the project into three phases.
• Scientists separate the mixture using a filtration process.
• The committee will separate the budget items to improve transparency.
• Researchers separate the data sets before conducting the statistical analysis.

• separate the waste · çöpü ayırmak The city encourages residents to separate the waste for recycling.
• separate the two groups · iki grubu ayırmak The teacher asked the students to separate the two groups for the activity.
• separate sth from sth She separated the documents from the rest of the files.
• separate sth into sth The chef separated the eggs into whites and yolks.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2ayrılmak

to move away from a group, place, or person; to withdraw

He chose to separate from his former colleagues after the merger.

• The child separated from his mother in the crowded market.
• She decided to separate from the project due to ethical concerns.
• During the retreat, participants were encouraged to separate from distractions.
• The activist separated from the organization when its goals changed.

• separate from the group · gruptan ayrılmak After the argument, he decided to separate from the group.
• separate himself · kendini ayırmak

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1iyileşmek, sağlığına kavuşmak

to become well again after an illness or injury

After the cold, she finally recovered and felt energetic again.

• The patient recovered slowly but steadily over the next few days.
• Despite the severe flu, Maria recovered faster than any of her classmates.
• The research shows that proper nutrition can help the body recover more efficiently after illness.

• recover from an illness · bir hastalıktan iyileşmek
• recover quickly · hızlı iyileşmek The athlete recovered quickly after the injury.
• recover from sth He recovered from the surgery without complications.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2geri kazanmak, tekrar elde etmek

to get back something that was lost, taken, or spent

He tried to recover his missing keys before leaving the house.

• The bank helped her recover the money that was mistakenly transferred.
• Scientists are working to recover the species that disappeared from the region.
• After the crash, the crew recovered valuable equipment from the wreckage.
• The lawyer argued that the client could recover damages for the breach of contract.

• recover a debt · bir borcu geri almak The company managed to recover the debt within six months.
• recover lost data · kayıp veriyi geri kazanmak Technicians were able to recover the lost data from the damaged hard drive.
• recover sth Police recovered the stolen car.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

kaybolmak, ortadan kaybolmak

to cease to be visible or to cease to exist in a place or situation

The magician made the coin disappear from his hand.

• After the storm, the rainbow disappeared from the sky.
• Many small businesses disappear from the market each year.
• The ancient city disappeared beneath the sand over centuries.
• If we do not act now, the species may disappear from the ecosystem entirely.

• disappear completely · tamamen kaybolmak The fog disappeared completely after sunrise.
• disappear without a trace · iz bırakmadan kaybolmak The thief disappeared without a trace.
• disappear from sth The rabbit disappeared from the garden suddenly.
• disappear into sth She disappeared into the crowd.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

malzeme, bileşen, içerik

any of the foods or substances that are combined to make a particular dish or product

The recipe lists flour as the first ingredient.

• Tom added a new ingredient to improve the flavor of the sauce.
• Scientists study each ingredient to understand its chemical properties.
• The chef carefully measured every ingredient to ensure consistency across dishes.
• In pharmaceutical research, identifying the active ingredient is crucial for drug efficacy.

• key ingredient · temel bileşen Salt is a key ingredient in many recipes.
• main ingredient · ana madde Chicken is the main ingredient of this soup.
• essential ingredient · zorunlu madde Water is an essential ingredient for life.
• an ingredient in sth Sugar is an ingredient in most desserts.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

sanayi ile ilgili, endüstriyel

relating to industry or manufacturing, especially on a large scale

The city has a large industrial area on its outskirts.

• Industrial workers protested for better wages and safety measures.
• The report highlights the rapid growth of industrial automation in Europe.
• Investors are attracted by the country's favorable industrial policies and tax incentives.
• Sustainable industrial practices are essential for reducing carbon emissions and preserving natural resources.

• industrial sector · sanayi sektörü The industrial sector accounts for a large share of the country's GDP.
• industrial production · sanayi üretimi Industrial production increased by 3% last quarter.
• industrial park · sanayi bölgesi Many foreign companies have set up factories in the new industrial park.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1sektör, endüstri

the organized production of goods or services within a particular field or region

The textile industry provides jobs for many people in the region.

• Investors are looking at the biotech industry for new opportunities.
• Government policies can greatly affect the energy industry's development.
• Rapid technological change forces the publishing industry to adapt quickly.
• Sustainable practices are becoming essential for the construction industry worldwide.

• the automotive industry · otomotiv sektörü The automotive industry is rapidly adopting electric vehicle technology.
• industry standards · sektör standartları Industry standards ensure product safety across different manufacturers.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2sanayi, fabrikalar

the collective group of factories and production facilities that manufacture goods

The steel industry supplies raw material for construction projects.

• Local governments often provide tax incentives to attract new industry.
• Automation is reshaping traditional industry across the globe.
• Environmental regulations are forcing the chemical industry to innovate greener processes.
• The decline of coal industry has prompted many regions to seek alternative economic models.

• heavy industry · ağır sanayi Heavy industry such as steel production has a high environmental impact.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

süreç, işlem

a series of actions or steps taken to achieve a particular end

The application process is simple and quick.

• Scientists study the process of photosynthesis in detail.
• Our team reviewed the budgeting process before the meeting.
• Understanding the decision-making process helps avoid errors.
• Advanced algorithms can automate complex data-processing processes.
• Erosion is a slow process that changes coastlines.
• Metabolism is a vital biological process in all living organisms.
• The cooling process of lava creates new rock formations.
• Researchers model the climate process to predict future changes.
• Understanding the aging process requires interdisciplinary study.

• the hiring process · işe alım süreci The hiring process at the company takes three weeks.
• manufacturing process · üretim süreci Improving the manufacturing process reduced waste.
• geological process · jeolojik süreç Plate tectonics is a major geological process.
• biological process · biyolojik süreç Cell division is a fundamental biological process.
• the process of doing sth She explained the process of solving the equation.
• the process of sth The process of erosion shapes the landscape.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

işlemek, işleme koymak

to carry out a series of actions or steps in order to achieve a result

The clerk will process the form today.

• Our team processes orders every morning.
• She processed the survey results quickly.
• During the experiment, researchers processed hundreds of samples.
• The government agency processed the complex regulatory filing despite tight deadlines.
• The kitchen processes the vegetables for the soup.
• Our lab processes samples before testing.
• The company processes raw materials into finished goods.
• Advanced technology allows the plant to process hazardous waste safely.

• process data · verileri işlemek The software can process data in real time.
• process application · başvuruyu işlemek The office will process your application by next week.
• process meat · et işlemek The factory processes meat according to safety standards.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

hastalık, rahatsızlık

a disorder of structure or function in a living organism that produces specific signs or symptoms

He caught a disease during his trip abroad.

• The doctor explained the disease and its possible treatments.
• Researchers are studying how genetics influence the development of this disease.
• Public health officials warned that the disease could become a global pandemic if not contained quickly.
• Advanced imaging techniques have improved our ability to detect early-stage disease, leading to better patient outcomes.

• chronic disease · kronik hastalık Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires lifelong management.
• infectious disease · bulaşıcı hastalık The outbreak of an infectious disease prompted the government to issue travel warnings.
• disease outbreak · hastalık salgını Scientists are monitoring the disease outbreak to prevent further spread.
• suffer from a disease Many elderly people suffer from a disease that limits their mobility.
• be diagnosed with a disease She was diagnosed with a disease after experiencing persistent fatigue.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

araştırmak, incelemek

to study or analyze something in detail, often for academic or scientific purposes

Students examine case studies to learn practical applications.

• The analyst examined the market trends over the past decade.
• Scientists examine genetic sequences to understand disease mechanisms.
• Scholars examined historical documents to reinterpret the era's politics.
• The team examined the algorithm's performance under varying conditions.

• examine the literature · literatürü incelemek In her thesis, she will examine the literature on renewable energy.
• examine the results · sonuçları analiz etmek The researcher examined the results to determine the experiment's success.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1birleşim, kombinasyon

the act or result of joining two or more things together; a set of elements combined in a particular way

The combination of sugar and butter makes the dough sweet.

• Scientists studied the combination of chemicals in the lab.
• Her outfit was a bold combination of colors and textures.
• The committee approved the combination of two departments to improve efficiency.
• Advanced algorithms analyze the combination of variables to predict outcomes.

• combination lock · kombinasyon kilidi She opened the safe with a combination lock.
• perfect combination · kusursuz birleşim The chef created a perfect combination of flavors.
• in combination with sth The drug works best in combination with physical therapy.
• a combination of sth A combination of rain and wind caused the delay.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2karışım, bileşim

a mixture of different substances or elements forming a single entity

The combination of oil and water creates an unstable mixture.

• Researchers examined the combination of proteins in the cell membrane.
• A combination of sunlight and moisture promotes plant growth.
• The study focused on the combination of socioeconomic factors affecting health.
• Complex systems emerge from the combination of simple interacting components.

• chemical combination · kimyasal karışım The reaction depends on the chemical combination of the reagents.
• genetic combination · genetik karışım Offspring inherit a genetic combination from both parents.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1yapay olarak üretmek, sentezlemek

to combine simpler substances or ideas to create a more complex product, especially in chemistry or biology

The lab team synthesized a novel catalyst for the reaction.

• She synthesized the peptide using solid-phase methods.
• Researchers synthesized a series of analogues to test their activity.
• By synthesizing the enzyme in vitro, the scientists could study its properties in detail.
• The breakthrough allowed the company to synthesize a high-purity drug at lower cost.

• synthesize a compound · bir bileşik sentezlemek The researchers synthesized a new antiviral compound in the lab.
• synthesize DNA · DNA sentezlemek Scientists can now synthesize DNA strands up to several thousand bases long.
• synthesize sth from sth The chemist synthesized the polymer from inexpensive monomers.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2sentezlemek, birleştirip yeni bir bütün oluşturmak

to combine different ideas, information, or elements into a coherent whole

The student synthesized the lecture notes into a study guide.

• We need to synthesize the survey results before drawing conclusions.
• The analyst synthesized market trends to forecast future sales.
• By synthesizing the various viewpoints, the panel reached a balanced recommendation.
• The professor praised her ability to synthesize complex theories into clear explanations.

• synthesize information · bilgi sentezlemek The essay requires you to synthesize information from several sources.
• synthesize arguments · argümanları sentezlemek During the meeting, she synthesized the arguments presented by the team.
• synthesize sth into sth He synthesized the data into a concise report.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

sınırsız, kısıt olmaksızın

not limited in amount, extent, or duration; having no boundaries or restrictions.

The museum provides unlimited access to its digital archives for researchers.

• Our new phone plan includes unlimited data for the entire month.
• She felt that her creativity was unlimited when working on the novel.
• The university announced unlimited scholarships for outstanding international students.

• unlimited access · sınırsız erişim Students have unlimited access to the online library resources.
• unlimited resources · sınırsız kaynaklar The project was successful because it had unlimited resources.
• unlimited potential · sınırsız potansiyel She showed unlimited potential in scientific research.
• unlimited access to sth Members have unlimited access to the gym.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yenilenebilir

capable of being replenished or restored naturally over time

Solar panels provide renewable energy for many homes.

• The government encourages the use of renewable resources to protect the environment.
• Researchers are developing new technologies to make more materials renewable.
• International agreements now prioritize renewable energy investments to achieve long-term sustainability goals.

• renewable energy · yenilenebilir enerji Solar and wind power are the most common forms of renewable energy.
• renewable resources · yenilenebilir kaynaklar Forests and fisheries are considered renewable resources when managed responsibly.
• renewable source · yenilenebilir kaynak Hydropower is a renewable source of electricity.
• renewable energy We need more renewable energy.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

çok yorgun, bitkin

feeling extremely tired and lacking energy after physical or mental effort

After the exam, Maria felt exhausted and needed a short break.

• The workers were exhausted after twelve hours of overtime.
• He looked exhausted, his eyes heavy and his steps slow.
• Despite being exhausted, the researcher continued analyzing the data late into the night.
• The prolonged negotiations left the delegates exhausted, affecting their decision-making abilities.

• exhausted after a long day · uzun bir günün ardından bitkin She felt exhausted after a long day of hiking.
• completely exhausted · tamamen bitkin He was completely exhausted by the end of the marathon.
• be exhausted by sth The team was exhausted by the continuous workload.
• feel exhausted I always feel exhausted when I stay up late studying.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

yormak, bitkin düşürmek, tüketmek, bitirmek

to use up completely; to cause someone to become very tired

The long hike exhausted the hikers after just a few hours.

• Heavy traffic can quickly exhaust a driver's patience.
• The constant revisions exhausted the author's creative stamina.
• By the end of the semester, the students felt completely exhausted by the workload.
• The relentless pressure to publish in high-impact journals can exhaust even the most resilient researchers.

• exhaust resources · kaynakları tüketmek
• exhaust supplies · malzemeleri tüketmek The emergency team exhausted their medical supplies within two days.
• exhaust sth We exhausted all our options.
• be exhausted by sth She was exhausted by the endless meetings.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

azaltma, küçültme

the act or process of making something smaller or less in amount, size, or degree

The company announced a reduction in staff to cut expenses.

• Scientists measured a reduction in the virus's replication rate after treatment.
• A reduction of 10 percent in tuition fees will help more students attend university.
• The policy aims at a long-term reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions worldwide.
• Despite the reduction in funding, the research team managed to publish several high-impact papers.

• reduction in cost · maliyet azalması The new policy led to a significant reduction in cost for manufacturers.
• reduction of emissions · emisyonların azaltılması Governments are targeting a reduction of emissions by 2030.
• reduction factor · azaltma katsayısı Engineers used a reduction factor to calculate the load-bearing capacity.
• a reduction in sth A reduction in water usage was observed during the drought period.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

1azaltmak, düşürmek

to make something smaller in amount, size, degree, or intensity

The teacher asked us to reduce the length of our essays.

• Scientists hope to reduce the amount of plastic waste in oceans.
• She reduced her daily coffee intake to improve her sleep.
• The new policy aims to reduce traffic congestion in the city center.
• Advanced algorithms can significantly reduce the time required for data analysis.

• reduce emissions · emisyonları azaltmak The government plans to reduce emissions by 30% over the next decade.
• reduce costs · maliyetleri düşürmek The company introduced new software to reduce costs.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

2hafifletmek, yatıştırmak

to make something less severe, painful, or harmful

The doctor prescribed a cream to reduce inflammation.

• Yoga practices are known to reduce stress in many people.
• Applying ice can reduce swelling quickly after an injury.
• The new law seeks to reduce the risk of fraud in online transactions.
• Advanced filtration systems can reduce the presence of contaminants in drinking water.

• reduce pain · ağrıyı hafifletmek The medication helped reduce pain after the surgery.
• reduce stress · stresi azaltmak Regular exercise can reduce stress.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

dayanmak, güvenmek

to depend on someone or something for support, help, or confidence

You can rely on me to finish the report.

• Many students rely on scholarships to afford tuition.
• The team relies on accurate data to draw conclusions.
• In emergency situations, people often rely on first responders for assistance.
• International negotiations rely upon mutual trust and transparent communication.

• rely on · dayanmak, güvenmek She can always rely on her friends for advice.
• rely upon · dayanmak, güvenmek The success of the project relies upon careful planning.
• rely on sb/sth You should rely on evidence when making a scientific claim.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey

güvenilir, sağlam

able to be trusted or depended on to do what is expected or required

The teacher chose a reliable textbook for the semester.

• Our car has been reliable for over ten years of daily commuting.
• Clients appreciate a reliable service that never misses an appointment.
• During the expedition, the team depended on reliable equipment to survive harsh conditions.
• The study highlighted that reliable data collection methods are essential for valid research conclusions.

• reliable source · güvenilir kaynak The journalist cited a reliable source for the statistics.
• reliable performance · güvenilir performans The new engine showed reliable performance during the test runs.

sb: birisi · sth: bir şey